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Introduction to Oracle 12c

The latest version of the Oracle database is Oracle Database 12c. Oracle Database 12c introduces a new multi-tenant architecture that makes it easy to deploy and manage database clouds. In addition, some innovative features maximize resource utilization and flexibility, such as Oracle Multitenant can quickly consolidate multiple databases, while Automatic Data Optimization and Heat Map can compress and layer data at higher density. These unique technological advances, coupled with major enhancements in availability, security, and big data support, make Oracle Database 12c an ideal platform for private and public cloud deployments.

Installation environment

Installation system: Centos7

IP address: 192.168.91.153

Virtual machine memory: at least 4G

SWAP (virtual memory): 8G

Hard disk: 40g or add a new disk

Package link: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XA6WUchSzhxH3qYevF0gxA

Extraction code: v3u6

You can also download https://www.oracle.com/cn directly from the official website.

Installation process

1. Turn off the firewall

[root@localhost ~] # setenforce 0

[root@ localhost~] # systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@ localhost~] # systemctl disable firewalld.service

Removed symlink / etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.

Removed symlink / etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

2. Create a mount directory

[root@localhost ~] # mkdir / orc / / create a mount directory

[root@localhost ~] # vim / etc/hostname / / change the hostname (add on the last line)

Localhost.localdomain

HOSTNAME=oracle

[root@localhost ~] # vim / etc/hosts / / resolve hostname (added on the last line)

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

:: 1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.91.153 oracle

3. Mount the newly added disk to the / orc directory

[root@localhost ~] # mount / dev/sdb1 / orc

Check the mount status

[root@localhost] # df-h

File system capacity used available used% mount point

/ dev/sda2 20G 3.5G 17G 18% /

Devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / dev

Tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / dev/shm

Tmpfs 2.0G 9.1m 2.0G 1% / run

Tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / sys/fs/cgroup

/ dev/sda3 10G 33m 10G 1% / home

/ dev/sda5 10G 33m 10G 1% / opt

/ dev/sda1 997M 158M 839M 16% / boot

Tmpfs 394M 4.0K 394m 1% / run/user/42

Tmpfs 394M 24K 394M 1% / run/user/0

/ dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% / run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86room64

/ dev/sdb1 60G 33m 60G 1% / orc

4 download the software environment package

[root@oracle ~] # yum install binutils compat-libcapl compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel-y

5. Adjust kernel parameters

[root@oracle ~] # vim / etc/sysctl.conf

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 # the recommended value for the number of asynchronous IO requests is: 1048576, in fact, it equals 1024 million 1024, that is, 1024k.

Fs.file-max = 6815744 # maximum number of open file handles to prevent file description exhaustion problems

Kernel.shmall = 2097152 # Total shared memory in pages divided by 4k

Kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 32000 100128 # SEMMSL: maximum number of signals per signal set SEMMNS: maximum number of signals used to control the entire Linux system

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 # Port range for outbound connections

Net.core.rmem_default = 262144 # default value of socket receive buffer size

Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # maximum size of socket receive buffer size

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144 # default value of socket send buffer size

Net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 # maximum size of socket send buffer size

Reload the configuration file

[root@oracle] # sysctl-p

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

Fs.file-max = 6815744

Kernel.shmall = 2097152

Kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Net.core.rmem_default = 262144

Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144

Net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6. User environment configuration

[root@oracle ~] # groupadd oinstall / / create an installation group

[root@oracle ~] # groupadd dba / / Administrator

[root@oracle ~] # useradd-g oinstall-G dba oracle / / create an oracle user

[root@oracle ~] # passwd oracle / / set password

Change the password of user oracle.

New password:

Invalid password: password less than 8 characters

Re-enter the new password:

Passwd: all authentication tokens have been successfully updated.

[root@oracle ~] # mkdir-p / orc/app/oracle / / create a working directory oracle in the disk mount directory

[root@oracle ~] # chown-R oracle:oinstall / orc/app / / Grant permissions to owners and groups

[root@oracle] # chmod-R 755 / orc/app/oracle

Change the configuration of the oracle user environment

[root@oracle ~] # vim / home/oracle/.bash_profile (added on the last line)

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/orc/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/

ORACLE_SID=orcl

NLS_LANG= "SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA" .UTF8

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

Export PATH LANG NLS_LANG ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

7. Oracle user resource restrictions

Use pam_limits authentication module

[root@oracle ~] # vim / etc/pam.d/login

#% PAM-1.0

Auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so

Auth substack system-auth

Auth include postlogin

Account required pam_nologin.so

Account include system-auth

Password include system-auth

Session required / lib/security/pam_limits.so (insert two lines)

Session required pam_limits.so

Configure limits Profil

[root@oracle ~] # vim / etc/security/limits.conf (last line insert)

Oracle soft nproc 2047 / / number of processes that a single user can use

Oracle hard nproc 16384

Oracle soft nofile 1024 / / number of files that a single user can open

Oracle hard nofile 65536

Oracle soft stack 10240 / / Stack Settings

Change system environment variabl

[root@oracle ~] # vim / etc/profile (last line insert)

If [$USER = "oracle"]

Then

If [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"]

Then

Ulimit-p 16384

Ulimit-n 65536

Else

Ulimit-u 16384-n 65536

Fi

Fi

8. Install oracle 12c

(1) Mount the decompressed package database of oracle 12c first.

[root@oracle ~] # mkdir / aaa / / create mount point

[root@oracle ~] # mount.cifs / / 192.168.91.1/database / aaa / / Mount the database package

Password for root@//192.168.91.1/database:

[root@oracle ~] # df-h / / View the mount condition

File system capacity used available used% mount point

/ dev/sda2 20G 3.6G 17G 18% /

Devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / dev

Tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / dev/shm

Tmpfs 2.0G 9.0M 2.0G 1% / run

Tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% / sys/fs/cgroup

/ dev/sda3 10G 33m 10G 1% / home

/ dev/sda5 10G 33m 10G 1% / opt

/ dev/sda1 997M 158M 839M 16% / boot

Tmpfs 394M 12K 394M 1% / run/user/42

Tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% / run/user/0

/ / 192.168.91.1/database 120G 63G 58G 53% / aaa

[root@oracle ~] # cd / aaa

[root@oracle aaa] # ls

Install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html / / installation script

(2) switch to graphical interface operation (log in as root on the virtual machine)

The installation window automatically opens after the installation script is executed, as shown below

Then proceed to the second step of installation

The next step is to proceed to the third step of installation

The next step goes to step four.

The next step goes to step five.

The next step goes to step six.

When you proceed to the next step, you will prompt that the export order is not up to standard, and select "Yes" to continue the installation.

Proceed to step 7 installation, keep the default, no need to change

Next, do a premonition check, and when the installation requirements are met, a product list will appear. As shown below

Click next to begin the installation, and when the installation reaches 79%, you need to execute two script commands as root. After execution, "OK" to continue (operation on xshell)

[root@oracle aaa] # / orc/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh / / execute the configuration script as root

Change permissions / orc/app/oraInventory.

Add read and write permissions for the group.

Removes global read, write, and execute permissions.

Change the group name / orc/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@oracle aaa] # / orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= / orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/ usr/local/bin]: / / press enter to enter

Copying dbhome to / usr/local/bin...

Copying oraenv to / usr/local/bin...

Copying coraenv to / usr/local/bin...

Creating / etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the / etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now? Yes | [no]:

Yes

Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).

Log File: / orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_oracle_2018-10-04 / 15-07-10-572821645.log

Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

[root@oracle aaa] #

The following is the installation wait process, which will take a long time.

9. Login verification after installation is completed, login using https://192.168.91.153:5500/em address

Log in to the oracle database and use the command sqlplus / as sysdba

[oracle@oracle ~] $sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thursday October 4 15:30:46 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connect to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0-64bit Production

SQL > quit

Disconnect from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0-64bit Production

[oracle@oracle ~] $

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