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Have you ever considered developing a website with Python? Then you may have heard of Django and Flask. These two are Python's most popular Web frameworks (and more, of course). The question now is which one is more appropriate for you?

The purpose of this paper is to briefly introduce the working principle of the two frameworks, their similarities and differences, and some key points that should be considered when choosing the framework.

I. A brief overview

The main Python-based applications are created using a command-line interface and can be run at a command prompt or shell script. Of course, people want to do more with Python than just automate tasks and manage workflows. As a result, the Web framework comes into being.

Django

Django is a Python Web framework for perfectionists with development time constraints. Django provides a full-featured model-view-controller framework. Its development is based on the "built-in battery approach" (Django comes with a full set of tools that can be used out of the box), allowing developers to create websites without third-party libraries and tools. With its first release on July 15, 2005, Django was developed and managed by the Django Software Foundation (DSF). It is free and open source, and many versions have been released.

Flask

Flask is a lightweight Python framework (microframework) that is based on doing one thing at a time and doing it well. With its first release on April 1, 2010, Flask was developed by Austrian developer Armin Ronacher. As described in its documentation, the micro framework means that Flask is designed to maintain its lightweight simplicity and extensible use. The real power of Flask lies in its flexibility.

Second, the comparison between Flask and Django.

The following is an in-depth comparison of Django and Flask from the following aspects:

Popularity: usage and case

Ease of use of starter documents and navigation

Template engine and system

Routing system

User flexibility

Manage the availability of the system

Development speed

Popularity: usage and case

Several top-level websites use Django and Flask. Statistics from GitHub and other websites show that Django is more popular than Flask. This popularity is limited to developers using the powerful capabilities of Django to quickly build and deploy complex Web applications. Similarly, developers use Flask to accelerate the development of websites that use fixed content. Some well-known projects supported by Django (Bitbucket,Eventbrite,Instagram,Pinterest, etc.) and Flask (LinkedIn,Netflix,Twilio,Uber) actively use these frameworks.

User flexibility

One of the biggest differences between the two frameworks is flexibility.

Django's built-in battery concept helps developers create a variety of Web applications without third-party libraries and tools. However, Django lacks the option to make changes to the modules provided. Therefore, developers use built-in capabilities to create Web applications. This means that if developers want to use different libraries for the functionality already provided by Django, it will not be easy.

Instead, Flask uses its extensible Web framework and uses a variety of Web development libraries and tools to achieve flexible development of Web applications. This gives more experienced developers the freedom to plug and play using libraries and databases they are familiar with.

You won't be bothered by what the framework forces you to use. Instead, you can turn to technical components that you are familiar with.

Ease of use of developing documentation and navigation

Flask provides a wide range of documentation, including deployment, installation, quick start instructions, and detailed tutorials. It is easy to install Flask using Python's pip.

Pip install flask

The above pip command installs Flask and its basic software package. Running the code on Flask is very simple (for example, displaying "Hi Welcome"). All it needs is to create an instance of the Flask class, followed by a route that displays the "Hi Welcome" string.

From flask import Flaskapp = Flask (_ _ name__) @ app.route ("/") def hi_welcome (): return "Hi Welcome" if _ name__ = = "_ _ main__": app.run ()

Django's documentation is more extensive than Flask, which is to be expected because of its complexity. Djang can also be installed quickly using pip.

Pip install Django

Running code in Django involves using built-in commands to create a project, as well as another command to create an application. Its startup command is convenient because it uses a ready-made directory structure. But this video explains it best:

Routing system

Essential to any Web application or Web site is the routing system (routing system), which creates a URL and determines what is displayed when the URL is loaded.

Flask uses a simple, lightweight Web framework, and routing is done by the route () decorator. Using the "Hello World" example above, the first line is the decorator. A decorator is a function that takes a callable (class) as an argument and then modifies it before returning. The string used also tells Flask what URL triggers its function. For example, using / (http://127.0.0.1:5000 /\), it loads the first page when you access Flask using a browser.

For Django, it uses a built-in battery approach, which makes it easier for developers to complete basic Web development tasks such as database schema migration, URL routing, and user authentication. Custom Web applications also experience process acceleration in Django because it provides bootstrap tools, a built-in template engine, and an ORM system. Use the urls.py file to handle routing, which is created when you run the built-in djangoadmin startproject command. To define a route, import the URL method from Django and create an instance, specifying each parameter (keyword parameter, existing URL module, and regular expression string). The built-in Django URL for managing your site is located in the urls.py file by default. It tells Django where you load the URL from the specified module.

Manage the availability of the system

Django uses a management system that follows the object relational mapper (ORM) directory structure and database system. When developing with Django, it adds a consistent experience because multiple projects have the same directory structure.

Flask lacks these features, and you may need to install custom modules to use ORM as an option for developers. These options include the use of MongoDB,SQLAlchemy,SQLite, etc. As you can see, this is a tradeoff between flexibility and ease of use. Django comes with most of the technical components needed to build a website. Flask is more purely a framework that allows end users to make more decisions.

Development speed

It is well known that the Django framework can provide rapid development speed for complex Web applications. Because it provides complete functionality, it provides all the necessary implementation tools.

The simplicity of Flask allows experienced developers to complete smaller applications in a short period of time. A significant advantage of the Django framework is that it provides an active community designed to help you extend your application's solutions or use useful content to make your job easier. The Flask community is not that large right now, so it is not easy to find useful information.

Template engine and system

All Web applications have a front end (user interface) that supports user interaction. Because Web applications are not static, they use different methods to generate HTML dynamically. Django and Flask provide exciting template engines.

Flask was developed using the Jinja2 template engine. It is a modern and friendly template that allows developers to simulate dynamic Web applications with the help of an integrated sandboxie environment. The Jinja2 template contains variables and tags. Another key feature of Flask templates is template inheritance. Here are some examples of commonly used Jinja2 syntax:

Comments: {# … #} variables: {{… }} statements: {% … %} (Similar to normal programming, Jinja2statements find usage in a variety of cases, like if-elsestatements, imports, loops, and macros).

Django uses a built-in template engine that allows developers to easily define the user-oriented layer of Web applications. In addition, developers can use Django template language (DTL) to write templates to create custom user interface development. The template syntax in Django includes:

Single-line comments: {# … #} multi-line comments: {% comment%} … {% endcomment%} filters on variables: {{variable | filter}} tags: {% … %} variables: {{… }}

Jinja2 templates take inspiration from the Django template language, so the syntax is similar. Django templates have the function of template inheritance, and more information can be found in the official documentation of Django templates.

Summary

To start using the Flask and Django frameworks, you must have a deeper understanding of the basics. The differences and benefits attached to each framework depend on what kind of project you want to implement. The main comparisons include:

Flask provides flexibility, simplicity and fine-grained control. There is no doubt that Flask lets you decide how to implement your application.

Django provides a comprehensive experience of the management panel, database interface, directory structure and ORM for your Web application development.

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