Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

This spring, each of us is affected by some words. For example, "epidemic" and "infection", as well as "mask" and "isolation".

Under the epidemic, people's mental state is almost bound to have uncontrollable ups and downs, such as overreacting to some messages and symbols. Over the past two days, some readers have told me that they are inexplicably flustered at the sight of the word "isolation". Whether you think of going to the hospital for quarantine or self-isolation at home during the epidemic, you will feel more or less uncomfortable. Although we know the necessity of isolation in the epidemic prevention war, this kind of mood is always inevitable.

This feeling is very normal in the days when you can't go out and socialize normally. My idea is that maybe we can use this time to learn more about virus transmission and disease prevention. On the one hand, you can take this opportunity to improve your health for the rest of your life; on the other hand, the unknown is always the most terrible, and the way to dispel fear is to understand it clearly.

Like quarantine. Although everyone does not like loneliness and isolation from the outside world, isolation technology has truly become the savior of mankind countless times. Public health and infectious disease protection under the modern medical system also began with this ancient science and technology.

The essence of isolation is that human beings learn to defend themselves in an organized, rational and scientific manner in the face of infectious diseases-- this invisible Great Wall took more than a thousand years to build to where it is today. it is protecting our country, society and families.

If you understand the history of isolation, you may be more sympathetic to what you are doing at the moment: we are using isolation to build the defences of human civilization.

Medieval Mask: the Origin of Leprosy and isolation

In both the East and the West, isolation in the sense of disease protection has the same origin: leprosy.

This terrible term, which seems to have disappeared today, has been the second biggest killer of mankind only in war for thousands of years, endangering the survival of civilization several times. And human beings have long realized that in the face of this severe infectious disease, isolation is the first choice.

In the Book of Kings, it is recorded that in Samaria, Israel, the king allowed lepers to live alone outside the city and was forbidden to enter the city. According to the documents of Yunmeng Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei, the law of the Qin Dynasty strictly stipulated that lepers, that is, "people with leprosy", should move to the place where they moved to live. Therefore, China is also the first country to write into law the isolation of leprosy patients. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhist documents recorded the method of temples as isolation places for lepers. Charity and isolation are two key words that haunt the treatment system of leprosy in medieval times.

In the Middle Ages, leprosy began to ravage Europe for thousands of years. Under the rule of the church, monasteries everywhere began to build separate homes for lepers. In the 6th century, isolation facilities for lepers have emerged in Byzantium. By the early 12th century, European countries had established similar institutions under the jurisdiction of the church. According to Matthew Paris, a medieval historian, there were more than 19000 leprosy quarantines administered by the church in the 12th century. The life of lepers in isolation has become a separate social system.

During this period, the most representative image is the monk doctor wearing a beak mask. Although their image is widely known to be in the fight against the Black death, it has been documented that similar protective devices were produced in leprosy homes. Putting cotton and linen soaked in cloves and vinegar in the respiratory channel was considered an effective way to protect against infection at the time.

Later, all kinds of anti-infection knowledge formed in the leprosy isolation system was transplanted into the disease war against the Black death and smallpox, adding some hope for European civilization to survive the cold winter. The mask of the beak doctor has also become one of the deepest memories of the Middle Ages and disease.

Choking to the throat of Infectious Diseases: from isolation to Social Prevention in the 20th Century

The isolation system of infectious diseases in medieval times was more inclined to a social emergency measure. In the modern medical system, isolation technology, together with other treatment, protection and vaccine technologies, has constructed a scientific and effective solution to the epidemic of infectious diseases.

The modernization of quarantine also comes from a brutal outbreak of leprosy. In the early 19th century, Norway, then a Danish colony, broke out with leprosy that lasted for 70 years. In the most serious phase of the outbreak, more than 20,000 people were infected in 100,000 Norwegian situations, directly threatening the survival of Norway. Under the severe situation, the Norwegian government and the health care system began to strictly isolate patients. It includes classifying the different grades of the disease, tracking the development of the disease, carrying out large-scale disinfection in isolated areas and public areas, and strictly cremating the dead. At the same time, a large number of European epidemic prevention scientists and virologists came to Norway to carry out concentrated research on leprosy in modern medicine with the help and protection of the isolation system.

This outbreak of leprosy has given a great impetus to the prevention and control of leprosy in modern society. At the same time, it also modernizes the isolation system.

The main characteristic of the so-called isolation under the modern medical system is that it is regarded as an integral part of the whole public health protection system. It is organically combined with disinfection, testing, disease observation, disease treatment, as well as vaccine and new drug development.

After World War II, under the coordination of the World Health Organization, large-scale leprosy prevention and control operations were carried out in India, Nepal, Angola and other places. The focus is on the combination of social propaganda, public disinfection and systematic isolation system, together with modern virology has made a series of great achievements in leprosy in the 20th century, and finally several large-scale actions have achieved good results.

After the founding of New China, China has also carried out the prevention and control of leprosy many times. The most obvious effect is that in the early 1980s, a vigorous struggle for leprosy was carried out around the "four transformations": transforming isolation treatment into social prevention and treatment; transforming single drug therapy into multi-drug combination therapy; transforming simple drug therapy into a combination of treatment and rehabilitation; transforming "leprosy prevention" into a combination of social education, publicity and prevention.

Systematic leprosy isolation measures at all levels in urban and rural areas have made this operation far-reaching. So much so that leprosy is no longer a public medical problem in Chinese society today. At present, leprosy is still endemic in some backward tropical countries, but the World Health Organization report shows that there is hope for mankind to make leprosy completely history by 2030.

Throughout the 20th century, it can be seen as a hundred years when human beings strangled the throat of infectious diseases through a systematic system of disease management and isolation. Leprosy certainly has no merit, but in the war against it for thousands of years, humans have gained strong defensive armor-medical isolation is one of the most important.

Titration of Civilization: technology and Wisdom in Modern isolation

Modern medicine is essentially a series of combinatorial technologies. If you play games, you might as well think of diseases such as COVID-19 as boss in the game, and isolation is a control skill. It makes the enemy unable to move, and then AOE skills such as anti-virus, immunity, and sterilization come up and pull away.

Moreover, under the modern medical system, isolation has developed into a complete medical scheme with a clear system and a clear plan, which pays attention to the feelings of isolated patients and suspected patients. Generally speaking, with the development of medical isolation today, it presents several main technical characteristics:

1. Make full use of disposable items, modern medical protection technology and disinfection technology.

In retrospect, before modern medicine matured, isolation was often one-sided. Because the food, excretion, and essential contact with the outside world of the quarantined will inevitably lead to material exchange. Based on today's medical understanding of viruses and bacteria, doctors, nurses and isolators can effectively form a soft isolation zone between protective equipment, disposable items and disinfection technology. As a result, a full combination of isolation and treatment is possible.

2. Isolation for different diseases and targets.

Contrary to popular imagination, isolation is not complete isolation. However, according to the situation of patients and the characteristics of the epidemic situation that need to be isolated, isolation measures and isolation restriction measures should be taken. Generally speaking, medical isolation can be divided into respiratory tract isolation, digestive tract isolation, contact isolation, insect isolation, blood isolation, protective isolation and strict isolation. Each type of isolation deals with different symptoms, such as respiratory isolation for diseases such as influenza, contact isolation for rabies and so on. The isolation focus, isolation methods, and matters needing attention under each isolation system are different. Patients are not completely isolated, but complete isolation and treatment under the guidance of specific measures.

3. Set up gradient isolation zone.

In the view of modern medicine, the isolation area is not only equated with the ward. However, according to different conditions, the inside and outside of the ward are designated as different contaminated areas. Generally speaking, the areas that must be contacted by patients are regarded as contaminated areas, the rooms outside the ward, corridors and public areas used by a large number of medical staff are regarded as semi-polluted areas, and doctor's offices, dispensing rooms and other areas are regarded as clean areas. Through gradient disinfection and multi-layer protection, doctor-patient infection can be effectively controlled and isolation, treatment and rehabilitation can be integrated.

4. Pay attention to psychological intervention and rehabilitation construction.

Another key point of isolation is that doctors and nurses will pay attention to the psychological activities, rehabilitation status and life patterns of patients. Especially in infectious diseases, these factors will greatly affect the final cure rate of patients. Good psychological construction and rehabilitation construction will help patients quickly get out of the isolation stage and welcome a new life. At the same time, epidemiology also believes that isolation technology should be combined with family care and social care to make patients feel warm and concerned in isolation. Based on this, the psychological intervention of patients and suspected patients can maximize the effect of treatment.

In short, isolation is not such a terrible word. It originates from the self-saving and saving of human beings, and from the tenacity and reluctance in the face of infectious diseases. Humans have defeated many terrible enemies with isolation technology. When we all become part of the isolation line and the defenders of the invisible Great Wall, victory will come very soon.

To believe, so to guard.

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