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Domain name system (DNS) is one of the industry standard protocol suites that include TCP / IP. DNS clients and DNS servers work together to provide computer name to IP address mapping name resolution services for computers and users.

In Windows Server 2016, DNS is a server role that can be installed using the server manager or the Windows PowerShell command. If you are installing new Active Directory forests and domains, DNS is automatically installed with Active Directory as the global catalog server for the forests and domains.

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) uses DNS as its domain controller location mechanism. When performing any major Active Directory operations, such as authentication, update, or search, the computer uses DNS to find the Active Directory domain controller. In addition, domain controllers use DNS to locate each other.

The DNS client service is included in all client and server versions of the Windows operating system and runs by default when the operating system is installed. When you configure a TCP / IP network connection with the IP address of the DNS server, the DNS client queries the DNS server to discover the domain controller and resolves the computer name to the IP address. For example, when a network user with an Active Directory user account logs in to an Active Directory domain, the DNS client service queries the DNS server to find the domain controller for the Active Directory domain. When the DNS server responds to the query and provides the client with the IP address of the domain controller, the client contacts the domain controller and can begin the authentication process.

The Windows Server 2016 DNS server and DNS client service use the DNS protocol included in the TCP / IP protocol suite. DNS is part of the application layer of the TCP / IP reference model, as shown in the following figure.

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the new or changed Domain name system (DNS) client features in Windows Server 2016 and later operating systems.

Updates for DNS client

DNS client service binding: in Windows Server 2016, the DNS client service provides enhanced support for computers with multiple network interfaces. For multihomed computers, DNS parsing is optimized in the following ways:

When a DNS query is parsed using a DNS server configured on a specific interface, the DNS client service binds to this interface before sending the DNS query.

By binding to a specific interface, the DNS client can clearly specify the interface on which name resolution occurs, enabling the application to optimize communication with the DNS client through this network interface.

If the DNS server used is specified by the Group Policy setting in the name Resolution Policy Table (NRPT), the DNS client service is not bound to a specific interface.

Note: there are also changes to the DNS client service in Windows Server 2016 on computers running Windows 10 and later.

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