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This article introduces the knowledge of "what commands are commonly used in Linux". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

Every user who has a certain grasp of the Linux system must begin to learn some common commands of the Linux system and the application of these two commands with vi and gdb. The editor has also been studying recently, so I will share the information with you.

1.ls command

Ls displays the list of files in the current directory by default

Ls-a shows all files, including hidden files

Ls-l displays file properties, including size, date, symbolic link, read / write and executable

2.cd command

Cd dir changes to the dir directory under the current directory

Cd.. Switch to the previous directory

Cd ~ switch to user directory, such as root user, then switch to / root

3.rm command

Rm file deletes a file

Rm-rf dir deletes the entire directory called dir under the current directory

4.cp command

Cp source target copies the file source to target

Cp-av source_dir target_dir copies the entire directory, and the two directories are exactly the same

Cp-fr source_dir target_dir copies the entire directory, and copies it unlinked. When the source directory has symbolic links, the two directories are different.

5.mv command

Mv source target renames a file or directory source to target

6.diff command

Diff-ruN dir1 dir2 > compare files in directory 1 and directory 2

Generate patch file

Diff-ruN dir1 dir2 > dir.diff

Enter directory 1 to patch

Patch-p1 <.. / dir.diff

7.echo command

Echo message displays a string of characters

8.cat command

Cat file displays the contents of the file, which is the same as DOS's type

Cat file | more displays the contents of the file and transfers it to the more program to achieve distributed display. The same function can be achieved by using the command less file.

More distribution command, which is generally sent to it through a pipeline, such as ls | more

9.du command

Du calculates the capacity of the current directory

Du-sm / root calculates the capacity of the / root directory in M

10.find command

Find-namefile looks in the / path directory to see if there is a file file

11.grep command

Grep-r "chars". / find the string chars-r for all files in the current directory for recursive lookup subdirectories

Ctrl+c exit recursion

The use of 12.vi

Vi file Editing File file

The original basic use and command of vi:

Vi is divided into editing status and command status. To enter a command, press ESC, exit the editing state, and then enter the command.

Common commands are:

: X (exit)

: x! (exit without saving)

W (save file)

: w! (write file without asking)

R file (read file file)

:% s/oldchars/newchars/g (change all strings oldchars to newchars)

I enter the edit insert state

ESC exits editing state

13.man command

Man ls reads the help about the ls command

14. Start the command to shut down the computer

Reboot restart the computer

Halt shuts down the computer

Init 0 shuts down all applications and services and enters a pure operating environment

Init 1 restart applications and services

Init 6 restart the computer

15.tar command

Tar-xfzv file.tgz decompresses the file file.tgz

Tar-zcvf file.tgz compresses a file or directory to file.tgz

Gzip directory.tar will overwrite the original file to generate a compressed directory.tar.gz

Gunzip directory.tar.gz overwrites the original file and decompresses it to generate an uncompressed dirrectory.tar previous page 1234 the next page is 4 pages

16.dmesg, uname command

Dmesg displays kernel startup and driver loading information

Uname-a shows the type of operating system

17.string command

String file displays the content of ASCII characters in file files

18.rpm command

Rpm-ihv program.rpm installer program and displays the installation process

19. File directory management command

Su root switches to superuser

Chmod axix file sets the file file to be executable. Script class files must be set up in this way, otherwise you have to use bash file to execute them.

Chmod 666 file sets the file file to read / write

Chown user / dir sets the / dir directory to be owned by user

20.mknod command

Mknod / dev/hda1 b 3 1 creates a block device hda1 with master device number 3 and slave device number 1, that is, the first partition of the master hard disk

Mknod / dev/tty1 c 4 1 creates a character device tty1 with master device number 4 and slave device number 1, that is, the first tty terminal

Touch / tmp/running creates a temporary file running under / tmp and disappears after reboot

21. Commands for disk management

Fdisk / dev/hda is like a fdisk that executes dos

Mount-t ext2 / dev/hda1 / mnt loads / dev/hda1 to the / mnt directory

Df displays information about file system mounts

Mount-t nfs 192.168.1.1:/sharedir / mnt loads the shared directory sharedir of the nfs service into the / mnt/nfs directory

Umount / mnt uninstalls the / mnt directory and the / mnt directory must be idle

Sync flushes buffers to synchronize content with disk

Mkfs.ext2 / dev/hda1 format / dev/hda1 is in ext2 format

Dd if=/dev/zero of=root.ram bs=1024, count=1024 generates a 1m block device that can be used as a partition of a hard disk

twenty-two。 Commands related to program development

Gcc hello.c-o hello compiles hello.c into a binary execution file called hello

Ldd program shows which libraries the program uses

23. System related command

Ps displays the current system process information

Ps-ef displays all process information of the system

Kill-9500 kills the program with process number 500

Top shows the activity of system processes as a percentage of CPU resources

Free display system and swap usage

After the end of the program program, time program will calculate the time it takes for program to run back.

Network command

The IP address of ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 bundled Nic 1 is 192.168.1.2

24. Log in to the network server

Telnet 192.168.1.1 Log in to the telnet Server with IP 192.168.1.1

Ftp 192.168.1.1 Log in to ftp Server

The commands listed by the editor are long, but they are all very important. Interested users had better practice and master each command in person. Talking without practice will certainly have no effect.

This is the end of the content of "what commands are commonly used in Linux". Thank you for reading. If you want to know more about the industry, you can follow the website, the editor will output more high-quality practical articles for you!

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