Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

Today, what the editor shares with you is a detailed introduction of the GNU operating system. I believe most people don't know much about it. In order to make you understand better, the editor summarizes the following contents. Without saying much, let's move on.

The GNU operating system originated from the GNU project and was launched by Richard Stallman at the artificial Intelligence Lab of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hoping to develop a complete open source operating system to replace Unix, the planned operating system called GNU. On September 27th, 1983, Richard Stallman announced the plan on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft news groups. Richard Stallman chose names by using various ways to change words, including the repertoire Stallman's goal was to create a completely free operating system, which he wanted computer users to be "free to use." Because in the 1960s and 1970s-most people were free to learn the source code of the software, freely share the software with others, freely modify the behavior of the software, and freely release modified versions of the software. This idea was fully demonstrated in the GNU Manifesto published in March 1985.

On January 5, 1984, Stallman officially began to develop software. In order to prevent these software from being claimed in the future and affecting the development of free software, Stallman quit his job in the laboratory. Richard Stallman's experience with an incompatible time-sharing system (ITS), an early operating system written in assembly language, became obsolete because the architecture of the computer system it was running, called PDP-10, stopped developing, leading to the decision to have a portable system. As a result, it was decided that a new system would be developed and that C and Lisp would be used as system programming languages. And GNU will be compatible with UNIX. At that time, UNIX was already a popular proprietary operating system. The design of Unix is modular, so it can be implemented in blocks step by step.

In 1984, we began to develop software such as editor Emacs. In 1985, the GNU Declaration was issued. In 1989, the GNU General Public license Agreement was published. Other parts of the GNU plan, such as editors, compilers, shell, etc., have been completed, without the operating system core. In 1990, the Free Software Foundation began to formally develop Hurd as an operating system in the GNU project. According to Thomas Bushnell, the first Free Software Foundation used Trix to develop the operating system, but abandoned the project in 1986. After that, they had hoped to develop based on a lightweight 4.4BSD. In 1987, Richard Stallman decided to use the GNU Mach microkernel to speed up the development of the operating system, but the plan was delayed by three years because it was uncertain when Carnegie Mellon would release the core source code. He later admitted that it was a mistake.

Many necessary software needs to be written from scratch, but existing third-party components, such as TeX, X Window System [4] and Mach microkernel, constitute the core of GNU Hurd. In addition to the above third-party components, most GNU software is written by many volunteers in their spare time or sponsored by companies, educational institutions and non-profit organizations. In October 1985, Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In the 1980-1990s, they hired software development engineers to rewrite the software necessary for GNU.

In 1991, Linux appeared. In 1993, FreeBSD released. All GNU programs that run in user space can be used on Linux or FreeBSD. Many developers turn to Linux or FreeBSD. Among them, Linux has become a common platform for running GNU planning software. Richard Stallman argued that the Linux operating system used a lot of GNU planning software, which should be renamed GNU/Linux, but it was not agreed by the Linux community, resulting in a GNU/Linux naming dispute.

Because of the popularity of GNU, interested merchants began to promote the development or sale of GNU software and technical support. One of the most prominent and successful is Cygnus Solutions, now part of Red Hat.

Composition

The basic components of the system include GNU compiler suite (GCC), GNU C library (glibc), and GNU core tool set (coreutils), as well as GNU debugger (GDB), GNU binary utility (binutils) GNU Cash shell [10] and GNOME desktop environment. [16] GNU developers have migrated Linux to GNU applications and tools, and are now widely used in other operating systems, such as Solaris, a variant of BSD, and OS X.

Many GNU programs have been ported to other operating systems, including proprietary software such as Microsoft Windows [18] and OS X.GNU programs that have proved to be more reliable than their proprietary Unix. [20] as of November 2015, there were 466 GNU packages (including decommissioning, but not 383) sponsored official GNU-developed websites nationwide.

GNU variety

The official core of the GNU project is GNU Hurd;. However, as of 2012, the Linux core has officially become part of the GNU project under the name Linux-libre and has removed variants of all proprietary components.

Other cores like the FreeBSD kernel still work with GNU software to form a working operating system. FSF believes that the Linux core, when used with GNU tools and utilities, should recognize itself as a variant of GNU and promote the change to such a system name of GNU/Linux (which leads to GNU/Linux naming controversy). GNU Engineering has approved Linux distributions, such as gNewSense, TRISQUEL and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre. Other variants of GNU that do not use Hurd as the core include Debian GNU / kFreeBSD and Debian GNU / NetBSD, which will be able to implement early plans for GNU on the core of BSD.

The trademark of GNU is GNU head.

The original version was designed by Etienne Suvasa, but now the more popular bold version is designed by Aurelio Heckert. [28] the GNU trademark appears in GNU's electronic files and is an element of the Free Software Foundation.

The 30th Anniversary Trademark is a revised version of the original trademark created by the Free Software Foundation to celebrate the 30th anniversary.

After reading the above, do you have a general understanding of the GNU operating system? If you want to know more about the content of the article, welcome to follow the industry information channel, thank you for reading!

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