Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

By: sery@163.com (No. 9, 2006)

After we successfully installed the solaris 10 operating environment and made some basic configuration, everything was not all right immediately. Although sun microsystem takes great pains to collect all kinds of software packages for users to install with the system, in practical applications, there are many software packages that we do not need (such as telnet services), and the software packages we need are either not available or do not meet the requirements. Based on this situation, we have no choice but to install some software packages manually to complete our work.

I. the main sources of the software package

1. Website: the main website of sun package is http://www.sunfreeware.com, followed by open source sites such as http://mirror.vmmatrix.net, and some others (such as apache's website www.apache.org). If you don't know the download address of a software, you can search in www.google.com.

2. Buy CD media: this should not be difficult to understand.

Generally speaking, websites are the main source of software packages for a simple reason: open source! The www.sunfreeware.com website collects some commonly used solaris software packages and complies with solaris software installation standards. It's really easy to install with the solaris package, which we'll introduce later.

Download the installation package to the local disk

In the previous step, we knew where to get the installation packages, and next, we had to store these packages on the machine running solaris10. Wget seems to be a popular download tool, and the same is true. Unfortunately, solaris10 doesn't come with the wget tool itself, so the initially installed system can't use this convenience yet. What should I do? Download the file to windows, and then use ssh secure file transfer to transfer it to a directory in solaris 10. After you have installed wget, you don't have to beat around the bush. The author's habit is to download the file to the windows machine first, and then use the ssh secure file transfer tool to transfer it to the remote solaris10 server. Here is a summary of these two download methods:

1. Download wget. For example, the command to download apache to the current directory is: wget ftp://ftp.sunfreeware.com/pub/freeware/intel/10/apache-2.2.0-sol10-x86-local.gz.

When the download is complete, use the command # ls-al to see if there are any files in the current directory.

2. Transmit by ssh secure file transfer. This is relatively simple. I won't say any more.

III. Installation of software packages

There are three main ways to install solaris10 software packages: solaris packages, binary source code, and installation scripts. Next, these installation methods are introduced respectively.

1. Solaris 10 packets. The file format of the solaris package is roughly *-local.gz, such as apache's package file apache-2.2.0-sol10-x86-local.gz. Before installing a package, we should check to see if the package is already installed on the system; learn about the packages installed on the system by running the package management tool pkginfo. Running # pkginfo may have such a long output that it takes multiple screens to display it completely. For ease of reading, it is best to add a pipe (# pkginfo | more) at the end. If the required package is not installed on the system, execute the following two commands to install it (here take the package wget as an example):

# gzip ╟ d wget-1.10.2-sol10-x86-local.gz / / unlock the package, delete the original package automatically, and generate the file wget-1.10.2-sol10-x86-local in the current directory.

# pkgadd ╟ d wget-1.10.2-sol10-x86-local / / there will be interactive commands after execution. Please make a choice according to the specific environment.

After answering several questions from the package management manager, a package is installed on the system, and then run the package management command # pkginfo ╟ l | grep to view detailed installation information. From this process, we can know that it is indeed easy to install the solaris package, but the author believes that during the installation process, it will copy the unlocked files to different directories (locations), and it is not easy to figure out which files have been copied to those directories.

2. Binary source code. Binary source code is a general installation method of linux/unix software package, and it is also the favorite installation method of administrators. Compared to solaris packages, the number of binary source packages is much larger than the former (there are many gnu software that do not provide solaris packages), which is also the reason for choosing binary source code installation, of course, using binary source code installation makes the whole operation more flexible. Here we take the installation of the web server apache as an example.

# gzip ╟ d httpd-2.2.0.tar.gz

# tar xvf httpd-2.2.0.tar

# cd httpd-2.2.0

#. / c ╟ prefix=/usr/local/apache2 ╟ enable-so / / configuration operation. The specific options can be viewed by executing the command #. / c ╟ help. The path to install apache and how to load the module are specified here.

The compilation process can not continue until the # make / / configuration process has been successfully completed.

# make install / / also need to wait until the compilation operation (make) is completed before installing. This step is to copy the files and directories to the specified installation directory.

This example is a general linux/unix software installation step, but do not think that all binary source code is installed like this (please note: this is just a general situation). A good habit is: after decompressing the downloaded source package file into a directory, open the file readme or install text file inside, you may see how to install the package, as for more details You can log on to the release website of the software to query the relevant documents. When performing configuration operations, if you do not specify the installation path, after the installation is finished, the files will be scattered to every corner of the system directory (for example, the execution script will be copied to / usr/sbin, the configuration files may be found in the directory / etc, etc.). In order to facilitate management and maintenance, it is strongly recommended to specify the installation directory when configuring.

2. Installation script. In order to facilitate the installation of large software, it often provides an installation script, such as sybase, oracle and so on. This installation method itself is simple, just execute the installation script, and then the installer will interact with the user, such as specifying the installation path, and so on. However, some software requires preprocessing such as configuring environment variables before performing installation to meet the special needs of software installation. Take the database server oracle 10g as an example. Before executing the installation script, you must configure environment variables and preprocess operations such as changing kernel parameters and adding users.

IV. Uninstall the software package

Name unloading method

Solaris package executes command # pkgrm

The binary source code directly deletes the installation directory

Install the uninstall script by script or delete the installation directory directly

Fifth, additional topics

Due to software design defects or security reasons, sun releases a kind of binary code called patches from time to time to correct design defects or security vulnerabilities. Find the latest patches by visiting http://www.sunsolve.com. Patches are roughly divided into two types: large patches and independent patches.

To understand which patches are installed on the system, run the command # showrev ╟ p, and then follow the output prompts to download the required patches on the website. Execute the command patchadd to install the stand-alone patch. For the installation of large patches, please refer to the instructions on the website.

It is worth noting that there is a certain risk in installing patches. In practical applications, it is not always necessary to install every new patch. What we need is system stability rather than updating these patches all day, so users should make a tradeoff between system stability and update patches to assess the need to update patches.

Attachment: install database sybase with script

Sybase is an enterprise database platform with excellent performance. Compared with the installation of general software, its installation process is more complex. Let's do this step by step.

1. Obtain the installation package. Sybase has a distribution version based on the solaris platform, and the version I use is ase1252_de_solx86.tgz;. Please choose the right version, or you can't install it. (I have made the mistake of installing the linux platform version under solaris. Although solaris is compatible with some linux platform software, it is not fully compatible).

2. Decompress the package. This requires a little trick: create a directory sybase, then move the file ase1252_de_solx86.tgz to that directory, and then execute # gzip ╟ d ase1252_de_solx86.tgz; tar xvf ase1252_de_solx86.tar. The advantage of this is that the unzipped directories and files are all in the directory sybase. If you don't use this technique, readers can try the trouble on their own.

3. Add users to run sybase. # useradd ╟ m ╟ d / opt/sybase ╟ s / usr/bin/bash, set the user password # passwd sybase

4. Installation. Change the permissions of the directory sybase where the unzipped files are located to 755 to ensure that user sybase has read and execute permissions. In the directory sybase, the setup file is the installation script for sybase. Switch the user to sybase and execute the script $. / setup. This step is divided into two situations: graphics and text. (1) graphical: the command # xhost 127.0.0.1 needs to be executed by root user root before a graphical installation wizard may appear when the installation script is executed. (2) text mode: unlike oracle, sybase supports both text and graphics, which is very helpful for remote installation. Add the option c $. / setup ╟ c in the command. / setup

Welcome interface

Select the language and choose 35 here (American English). Readers can easily install ase into the system according to the forerunner. After the installation is complete, the wizard also requires the sybase to be configured, and it is worth noting that you need to set the environment variables for the sybase user before performing the configuration. Append the following to the file / opt/sybase/.profile.

Sybase_jre= "/ opt/sybase/shared-1_0/jre-1_3"

Export sybase_jre

Sybase_ase= "ase-12_5"

Export sybase_ase

Path= "/ opt/sybase/ase-12_5/bin:/opt/sybase/ase-12_5/install": $path

Export path

Ld_library_path= "/ opt/sybase/ase-12_5/lib": $ld_library_path

Export ld_library_path

Sybase= "/ opt/sybase"

Export sybase

Sybase_ocs= "ocs-12_5"

Export sybase_ocs

Path= "/ opt/sybase/ocs-12_5/bin": $path

Export path

Ld_library_path= "/ opt/sybase/ocs-12_5/lib:/opt/sybase/ocs-12_5/lib3p": $ld_library_path

Export ld_library_path

Sybase_sysam= "sysam-1_0"

Export sybase_sysam

Lm_license_file= "/ opt/sybase/sysam-1_0/licenses/license.dat"

Export lm_license_file

Execute the command $source / opt/sybase/.profile to make the environment variable take effect (the actual source of the environment variable is the file / opt/sybase/sybase.sh generated during installation). The following figure is where you need to set the environment variable first, and after setting the environment variable, proceed to the next step of the wizard.

Here is a screenshot of configuring sybase:

It is not difficult to complete the configuration by following the wizard.

5. Uninstall. Delete everything in the directory / opt/sybase or run the delete script. The file to delete the script is / opt/sybase/uninstall/asesuite/uninstall. It will take some time to complete this uninstall task.

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