Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

All the computers used at present follow the von Neumann architecture. The main points of its theory are: the number system is calculated by binary system; the computer executes according to the program order, and the data must be stored and processed by binary system. The rule is referred to as "combination of hardware and software, logic combined with hardware". It is called electronic computer. At present, photon computer and quantum computer are in the research stage.

Computer languages are generally divided into three types of languages: machine language, microcode language and high-level language. The machine language is a binary language, and the most basic computer language based on 1 and 0 is extremely difficult to operate, and the man-machine communication through binary language is not easy. After that, the microcode language is developed, and the assembly language is the representative language of the microcode language, which is the natural language closest to binary. It is converted into binary language through the assembler and operates the machine hardware. The function of the assembler is very single. Different hardware requires different assemblers. Up to now, the most widely used high-level languages include system-level languages and application-level languages, which have different applications, system-level languages include C, Java, etc., and application-level languages include PHP, Python, perl and so on.

The realization of human-computer interaction needs the cooperation of the operating system, the operating system can also be regarded as the virtual abstraction layer of the hardware, the user operates on the machine, and the operating system realizes the operation that the user needs through a series of work calls to cooperate with the internal hardware. The key part is the interface part of the operating system, which acts as a connecting link between the preceding and the following. The interface is encapsulated in kernel. When the user operates, the process calls the interface.

The learning direction in the field of IT technology is the development direction on the one hand and the operation and maintenance direction on the other.

Development direction: pure use of machine language for hardware research and development, software development uses microcode language and high-level language to develop system-level and application-level software, high-level language can be classified according to system-level application level, object-oriented and process-oriented, and can be classified according to weak language and strong language. The process-oriented programming method pays more attention to the data structure and processing logic, while the object-oriented method pays more attention to the data processing process. Strong language is popularly called compiled language, weak language is called interpretive language, weak language needs interpreter, but the interpreter is written by strong language.

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