Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Recently, there is an ERP+PHP-web test area environment deployment demand, which requires the deployment of nginx+php 's cgi+socket model and mysql environment. To check whether the service port is up, we are used to using the netstat command to check, so if you have not installed netstat in your system, you can install yum install-y net-tools directly.

Experimental environment:

Linux version: CentOS 7.2

Nginx version: nginx-1.10.1

PHP version: php-5.6.5

Mysql version: MariaDB-5.5.52

First, deploy nginx first

Complete the installation of related dependent packages

Openssl-devel 、 zlib-devel 、 pcre-devel

The program runs as nobody by default. We use nginx users to run. First, add Nginx groups and users, do not create a home directory, and do not allow login to the system.

# groupadd nginx#useradd-M-s / sbin/nologin-g nginx nginx

Nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz is used to install nginx.

# tar xf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.10.1

Specify the owner and group to use when installing directories and operations, and enable status monitoring models, etc.

#. / configure\-- prefix=/usr/local/nginx\-- pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid\-- lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock\-- user=nginx\-group=nginx\-- with-http_ssl_module\-- with-http_flv_module\-- with-http_stub_status_module\-- with-http_gzip_static_module\-- http-client-body- Temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/\-http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/\-http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/\-http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi\-http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi\-with-pcre

Approximate configuration result

Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + md5: using OpenSSL library + sha1: using OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/ usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/ usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/ usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/ usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/ usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: " Var/run/nginx/nginx.pid "nginx error log file:" / usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log "nginx http access log file:" / usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log "nginx http client request body temporary files:" / var/tmp/nginx/client/ "nginx http proxy temporary files:" / var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ "nginx http fastcgi temporary files:" / var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ "nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/ var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi" nginx http scgi temporary files: "/ var/tmp/nginx/scgi"

After the above configuration, edit and install

# make & & make install # mkdir / var/tmp/nginx/client/-pv

After the compilation and installation is complete, the nginx directory will appear under / usr/local. When you enter this directory, you will find that the directory is very simple.

Its configuration files are stored in the conf directory, web page files are stored in html, and log files are stored in logs

There is only one executable program "nginx" in the sbin directory

II. Deployment of php environment

A. FastCGI is a scalable, high-speed interface for communicating between HTTP server and dynamic scripting languages

B. Nginx is a lightweight HTTP server, and you must use a third-party FastCGI processor to parse PHP.

C. PHP-FPM is a third-party FastCGI process manager, which is developed as a patch for PHP and needs to be compiled with the PHP source code at installation time

In other words, PHP-FPM is compiled into the PHP kernel, so it is better at processing performance; at the same time, it is much better than the spawn-fcgi engine in handling high concurrency.

Therefore, the combination of Nginx+PHP/PHP-FPM is recommended to parse PHP.

First install some php packages

Yum install-y gcc gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel

Then unpack the good tar package.

# tar-xvzf php-5.6.5.tar.gz

Enter into the solved php-5.6.5

# cd php-5.6.5#. / configure-- prefix=/usr/local/php-enable-fpm-enable-mbstring-with-mysql=mysqlnd-with-mysqli=mysqlnd-with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd# make & & make install

View php version

# php-vPHP 5.6.5 (cli) (built: Jan 10 2017 03:53:13) Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP GroupZend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies

If not, you can check the PHP version directly by connecting it to / usr/bin/php or copying a copy to / usr/bin/ in the execution file of php.

# ln-s / usr/local/php/bin/php / usr/bin/php

Or

# cp-raf / usr/local/php/bin/php / usr/bin/php

Php configuration file php.ini, copy a copy of the php.ini-development configuration file template in the installation directory to the php directory

# cp-raf php-5.6.5/php.ini-development / usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

Of course, we also need to configure php-fpm. When we install php, we have already generated a configuration template for us, in / usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default, so just copy this template and rename it to php-fpm.conf, change the daemonize to yes, and start the console service in the future. Then pinch, whereis php-fpm.

This is an executable file. You can run it by executing php-fpm directly, and then netstat-an | grep php-fpm. Sure enough, port 9000 is listening.

# cp-raf / usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default / usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf# whereis php-fpm

Configure and optimize PHP-FPM

The global configuration file for PHP is php.ini, which has been copied to / usr/local/php/lib/php.ini in the above steps. Php.ini can be configured according to the different requirements of each application.

The following focuses on the configuration file of the PHP-FPM engine.

According to the installation path specified above, the default configuration file for PHP-FPM is / usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.

Php-fpm.conf is a plain text file in XML format, and its contents are easy to understand. Several important configuration tags are highlighted here:

The label listen_address is the IP address and port on which the fastcgi process is configured to listen. The default is 127.0.0.1 IP 9000, and the port can be changed.

127.0.0.1:9000

The label display_errors is used to set whether or not to display PHP error messages. The default is 0. No error messages are displayed. Set to 1 to display PHP error messages.

0

The tags user and group are used to set up the users and user groups that run the FastCGI process. It is important to note that the users and user groups specified here are the same as those specified in the Nginx profile.

Nobody nobody

The label max_children is used to set the number of processes for FastCGI. According to official recommendations, servers with less than 2GB memory can start only 64 processes, and servers with memory above 4GB can start 200 processes.

five

The label request_terminate_timeout is used to set the time when FastCGI executes the script. The default is 0s, which is executed indefinitely and can be modified according to the situation.

0s

The label rlimit_files is used to set PHP-FPM restrictions on open file descriptors, with a default value of 1024. The value of this tag must be associated with the number of files opened by the Linux kernel, for example, to set this value to 65535

You must execute 'ulimit-HSn 65536' on the Linux command line.

1024

The tag max_requests indicates the maximum number of requests per children will be turned off after it is processed. The default setting is 500.

five hundred

The label allowed_clients is used to set the IP address that allows access to the FastCGI process parser. If you do not specify the IP address here, the PHP resolution request forwarded by Nginx will not be accepted.

127.0.0.1

Manage the FastCGI process. After configuring php-fpm, you can start the FastCGI process.

/ usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

After the FastCGI process starts, the IP address and port it listens to also start immediately. You can view the relevant information through ps and netstat.

Since Nginx itself does not parse PHP, to achieve Nginx's support for PHP is to send the request for PHP pages to the IP address and port that the fastCGI process listens to.

If you think of php-fpm as a dynamic application server, then Nginx is actually a reverse proxy server. Nginx realizes the parsing of PHP through the reverse proxy function, which is the principle of Nginx realizing PHP dynamic parsing.

The path to the Nginx configuration file is / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf. Here is an example of a virtual host configuration that supports PHP parsing under Nginx

# vi / usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

The fastcgi_param directive specifies the home directory where the PHP dynamic program is placed, that is, the path specified before $fastcgi_script_name, here is the / usr/local/nginx/html directory

The fastcgi_params file is a parameter configuration file for the FastCGI process. After installing Nginx, such a file is generated by default. Here, the FastCGI parameter configuration file is included through the include directive.

After the configuration of Nginx+FastCGI, in order to ensure the high-speed and stable operation of the PHP environment under Nginx, some FastCGI optimization instructions need to be added. An optimization example is given below.

Add the following code to the HTTP level in the Nginx main configuration file

Location ~. Php$ {root html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1 root html; fastcgi_pass 9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; # fastcgi_cache_path / usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300 Fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; # fastcgi_cache TEST; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h Fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;}

The following is an introduction to the meaning of the above code.

The first line of code specifies a file path, directory structure level, keyword area storage time, and inactive delete time for the FastCGI cache.

Fastcgi_connect_timeout specifies the timeout for connecting to the backend FastCGI.

Fastcgi_send_timeout specifies the timeout for sending the request to FastCGI, which is the timeout for sending the request to FastCGI after two handshakes have been completed.

Fastcgi_read_timeout specifies the timeout for receiving FastCGI replies, which is the timeout for receiving FastCGI replies after two handshakes have been completed.

Fastcgi_buffer_size is used to specify the size of the buffer needed to read the first part of the FastCGI reply. This value indicates that the first part of the reply (the response header) will be read using a buffer of 1 64KB, which can be set to the buffer size specified by the fastcgi_buffers option.

Fastcgi_buffers specifies how many and how many buffers are needed locally to buffer FastCGI reply requests. If a PHP script produces a page size of 256KB, it will be allocated 4 64KB buffers to cache; if the page size is larger than 256KB, then the part larger than 256KB will be cached in the path specified by fastcgi_temp, but this is not a good method, because the data processing speed in memory is faster than that of the hard disk. Generally, this value should be the middle value of the page size generated by the PHP script in the site. If the page size generated by most of the scripts in the site is 256KB, then you can set this value to "1616k", "464k", and so on.

The default value of fastcgi_busy_buffers_size is twice that of fastcgi_buffers.

Fastcgi_temp_file_write_size indicates the size of the data block used when writing to the cache file, and the default value is twice as large as fastcgi_buffers.

Fastcgi_cache means to turn on the FastCGI cache and give it a name. Turning on caching is very useful, it can effectively reduce the load of CPU and prevent 502 errors, but turning on caching can also cause a lot of problems, depending on the situation.

Fastcgi_cache_valid and fastcgi are used to specify the caching time of the response code. The values in the example indicate that 200,302 responses will be cached for one hour, 301 responses will be cached for 1 day, and other responses will be cached for 1 minute.

Test the parsing function of Nginx to PHP

Here, create a phpinfo.php file under the / usr/local/nginx/html directory, as follows:

Then access http://ip/index.html through the browser, which displays "Welcome to Nginx!" by default. Indicates that the Nginx is operating normally.

Then access the http://ip/phpinfo.php in the browser, and if the PHP can be parsed properly, the PHP installation configuration and feature list statistics will appear.

III. Yum installs Mariadb database

Delete all MySQL/MariaDB-related rpm packages

MySQL is no longer included in the source of CentOS 7 and uses MariaDB instead

1. Use rpm-qa | grep mariadb to search for existing packages in MariaDB:

If it exists, use rpm-e-- nodeps mariadb-* to delete it all

2. Use rpm-qa | grep mysql to search for existing packages in mysql:

If it exists, delete it all using yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql

I recommend using the mariadb that comes with the system, so it is more convenient to install yum directly.

3. Yum install mariadb

# yum install-y mariadb mariadb-server

Note: mariadb is the database client and mariadb-server is the database server.

4. Command to start MariaDB service

# systemctl start mariadb

5. Check whether the mariadb process service is running

# ps-ef | grep mariadbroot 10131 10095: 24 pts/2 00:00:00 grep-- color=auto mariadbmysql 10197 10009 0 Jan19? 15:56:01 / usr/sbin/mysqld-- basedir=/usr-- datadir=/var/lib/mysql-- plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin-- user=mysql-- log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log-- pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/zgz.pid-- socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

6. Check the database status

# systemctl status mariadb

7. Then run mysql_secure_installation to initialize the configuration MariaDB:

# mysql_secure_installation

When entering this stage, the root initial password is empty, so enter. Personally, I think we can choose to change the root password of the database at this time, and then in the next setting, except Disallow root login remotely and Remove test database and accesss to it can be n, the rest is y.

8. Log in to MariaDB and create the corresponding database user and database

(1) Log in using mysql-uroot-p, and you will be prompted to enter your password after entering enter.

(2) create a new user, where $password fill in the password set by yourself. Of course, it can also be modified later.

CREATE USER 'git'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY' $password'

(3) set storage engine

Mariadb [none] > set storage_engine=INNODB

(4) create a database

Mariadb [none] > create database database_name character set utf8

(5) set user permissions

Grant all privileges on *. * to 'root'@'%' identified by' $password' with option

# the above can be defined as: root users can remotely connect all the contents in the database from any machine with the highest permissions, and have the right to grant others the right to connect remotely.

After the above steps, the lnmp environment is basically built. After that, you just need to put the application code into the html of Nginx and set the configuration file for the application to connect to the database.

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