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2025-01-24 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >
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3Pertinent 1nfs deployment and optimization-1
NFS = = network file system
If there are three machines A, B, C, they need to access the same directory, the directory is full of pictures, the traditional practice is to put these pictures in A, B, C. But to use NFS, you just need to put it on A, and then A can share it with B and C. When visiting, B and C access the directory on A through the network. Implement simple access to remote files.
Install NFS
Yum install-y nfs-utils
First create a simple NFS server
Vim / etc/exports
Write down:
/ mnt 192.168.137.0 take 24 (rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=501,anongid=501)
Shared directory / mnt, shared to 137network segments, rw readable and writable, sync shared synchronization, limited to all users, and limited to uid and gid 501s. (no_root_squash is root) (ls-l / opt)
: wq
Start the NFS service
/ etc/init.d/rpcbind start
/ etc/init.d/nfs start
Mount nfs on the client
Yum install-y nfs-utils
Showmount-e 192.168.137.10 (ip on the server), view the directory and network segment or URL of the ip share
Mount the server's nfs on the client
Mount-t nfs 192.168.137.10: / mnt / opt mount to / opt
Df-h view shared directories
The content of the modified / opt on the client may not display enough permissions.
Change the permission of / mnt to 777 on the server
Chmod 777 / mnt
3Jing 2NFS deployment and Optimization-2
/ etc/init.d/nfs restart restart nfs
Exportfs-arv restart nfs
Umount / opt/ uninstall
Mount-t nfs-o nolock nfsevers=3 192.168.137.10:/mnt / opt optimized mount
3pr 3pureftp deployment and optimization-1
FTP = = file transfer protocol
Can be used in windows or linux systems
Upload or download files between servers
Software pure-ftpd
Download pure-ftpd
Cd / usr/local/src/
Wget http://download.pureftpd.org/pub/pure-ftpd/releases/pure-ftpd-1.0.42.tar.bz2
Install pure-ftpd
Tar jxf pure-ftpd-1.0.42.tar.bz2
Cd pure-ftpd-1.0.42
. / configure\-prefix=/usr/local/pureftpd\-without-inetd\-with-altlog\-with-puredb\-with-throttling\-with-peruserlimits\-with-tls
Make
Make install
Modify the configuration file
Path where the mkdir-p / usr/local/pureftpd/etc/ configuration file is located
Cd configuration-file
Cp pure-ftpd.conf / usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pure-ftpd.conf cp pure-config.pl / usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-config.pl chmod 755 / usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-config.pl
Vim / usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pure-ftpd.conf
Delete all
Add
ChrootEveryone yes BrokenClientsCompatibility no MaxClientsNumber 50 Daemonize yes MaxClientsPerIP 8 VerboseLog no DisplayDotFiles yes AnonymousOnly no NoAnonymous no SyslogFacility ftp DontResolve yes MaxIdleTime 15 PureDB / usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pureftpd.pdb LimitRecursion 3136 8 AnonymousCanCreateDirs no MaxLoad 4 AntiWarez yes Umask 133:022 MinUID 100 AllowUserFXP no AllowAnonymousFXP no ProhibitDotFilesWrite no ProhibitDotFilesRead no AutoRename no AnonymousCantUpload no PIDFile / usr/local/pureftpd/var/run/pure-ftpd.pid MaxDiskUsage 99 CustomerProof yes
: wq
Set up an account
Mkdir / tmp/ftp
Chown-R user3 / tmp/ftp mapping user user3
/ usr/local/pureftpd/bin/pure-pw useradd ftp_user1-uuser3-d / tmp/ftp/
Type in the password
/ usr/local/pureftpd/bin/pure-pw mkdb create a user information database file
/ usr/local/pureftpd/bin/pure-pw list lists the current account
/ usr/local/pureftpd/bin/pure-pw userdel ftp_user2 command to delete account
/ usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-config.pl / usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pure-ftpd.conf start pure-ftpd
3Jing 4 pureftp deployment and Optimization-2
Test pure-ftpd
Client
Yum install-y lftp
Login password for lftp ftp_user1@127.0.0.1 account (server ip)
Touch / tmp/ftp/123.txt
Ls
Get 12.txt download file 12.tet
The server can also upload files.
Login password for lftp ftp_user1@127.0.0.1 account (server ip)
Put 12.txt uploads files
Command ftp127.0.0.1 to log in to ftp, which is a little different from lftp
Operate ftp under windows: install ftp software
3pr 5vsftp deployment and optimization-1
Vsftp is the ftp software that comes with centos
Install vsftp
Yum install-y vsftpd
Start / etc/init.d/vsftpd start
(if startup fails, it is possible that port 21 is occupied
Netstat-lnp View Port
If port 21 is found to be occupied by another process, deactivate the process
Killall pure-ftpd)
Client login
Lftp user1@127.0.0.1
You can cd to any directory without restriction. It's very dangerous.
Vim / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf enters the configuration file
Delete the # before chroot_local_user=yes
/ etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
Lftp user1@127.0.0.1
Cd / etc
I can't get in. It's restricted.
Pwd
Ls
Only the current directory can be accessed
3Jing 6 vsftp deployment and Optimization-2
Create a virtual user
Useradd virftp-s / sbin/nologin
Vim / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login
Test1 (account number)
111222aaa (password)
Test2 (account number)
Aaa111ddd (password)
: wq
Chmod 600 / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login
Create a binary library file
Db_load-T-t hash-f / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db
Create a virtual account
Mkdir / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_user_conf
Cd / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_user_conf
Vim test1
Local_root=/home/virftp/test1
Anonymous_enable=NO
Write_enable=YES
Local_umask=022
Anon_upload_enable=NO
Anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
Idle_session_timeout=600
Data_connection_timeout=120
Max_clients=10
Max_per_ip=5
Local_max_rate=50000
: wq
Create a home directory for test1 mentioned in the configuration file
Mkdir / home/virftp/test1
Chown-R virftp:virftp / home/virftp/test1
Modify the verification file
Vim / etc/pam.d/vsftpd
Add two lines at the beginning
Auth sufficient / lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login
Account sufficient / lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login
: wq
Modify vsftpd.conf
Vim / etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Anonymous_enable=NO
Local_enable=YES
Write_enable=YES
Local_umask=022
Anon_upload_enable=NO
Anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
Dirmessage_enable=YES
Xferlog_enable=YES
Connect_from_port_20=YES
Xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
Xferlog_std_format=YES
Nopriv_user=vsftpd
Async_abor_enable=YES
Ascii_upload_enable=YES
Ascii_download_enable=YES
Ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.
Listen=YES
Chroot_local_user=YES
Pam_service_name=vsftpd
Userlist_enable=YES
Add on the last line
Tcp_wrappers=YES
Guest_enable=YES
Guest_username=virftp
Virtual_use_local_privs=YES
User_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_user_conf
: wq
Start the vsftpd service
/ etc/init.d/vsftpd start
Lftp test1@127.0.0.1
External browser login
Ftp://127.0.0.1
3. 7 samba deployment and Optimization-1
Samba network administrators use it a lot.
Linux share windows access
Install samba
Yum install-y samba samba-client
Vim / etc/samba/smb.conf configuration file
3Jing 8 samba deployment and Optimization-2
On the practice of samba
1. Share a read-only directory that anyone can access without entering a user name and password
Vim / etc/samba/smb.conf
Security = share
Workgroup = WORKGROUP
Add a paragraph at the end
[aming] comment = share all path = / tmp/sambadir browseable = yes public = yes writable = no
: wq
/ etc/init.d/smb start enabled
Mkdir / tmp/sambadir create directory
Cp / etc/passwd / tmp/sambadir/1.txt
Mkdir / tmp/sambadir/test chmod 777 / tmp/sambadir/test
Files and paths for accessing samba shares under windows
Open and run
Enter\\ 192.168.11.160
Open to see the shared test path and the contents of the etc/passwd, and not writable within the test
Access samba under linux
Smbclient / / 192.168.11.160/aming
Enter
Ls
Another way to mount
Yum install-y cifs-utils
Mount-t cifs / / 192.168.11.160/aming / opt/
Df-h
Cd / opt/
Ls
3Jing 9 samba deployment and Optimization-3
Practice 2: share a directory and log in with a user name and password before you can access it. You need to be able to read and write.
Vim / etc/samba/smb.conf
Delete the whole paragraph of [aming] that was added at the end.
Security = user
Add a paragraph at the end
[aminglinux] comment = share for users path = / tmp/sambadir browseable = yes writable = yes public = no
: wq
Create users and passwords
Useradd smbuser1 create user
Pdbedit-a smbuser1 increases users
/ etc/init.d/smb restart
Testing under linux
Smbclient / / 192.168.11.160/aminglinux/-U smbuser1
Ls
Testing under windows
Open and run
\\ 192.168.11.160\ aminglinux
Account number smbuser1
Mounting mode
Mount-t cifs-o username=smbuser1,password= password / / 192.168.11.160/aminglinux / opt/
Df-h
Ls
Introduction to 4JOO squid service
Squid agent, × × ×
Cdn cache, speed up
Squid is a well-known agent software. It can run not only on linux but also on windows and Unix. Its technology has been very mature. At present, the use of Squid users is also very wide. Compared with other agent software under Linux, such as Apache, Socks, TIS FWTK and delegate, Squid is easy to download and install, simple and flexible to configure, and supports caching and multiple protocols.
The reason why Squid uses a lot is because of its cache function. Squid cache can not only save valuable bandwidth resources, but also greatly reduce the server's I / O. From an economic point of view, it is an indispensable role in the architecture of many websites.
Squid can be used not only as a forward proxy but also as a reverse proxy. When acting as a forward agent, Squid is followed by a client, which has to go through Squid no matter what network it wants to access. When a user (client) wants to request a home page, it sends an application to Squid, asking Squid to request for it, then Squid connects to the website that the user wants to request and requests the home page, and then sends the home page to the user while keeping a backup. When other users request the same page, Squid immediately sends the saved backup to the user, which makes the user feel quite fast. When using a forward proxy, the client needs to make some settings before it can be implemented, that is, the proxy we usually set in the IE option. The reverse proxy is that Squid is followed by the server of a site. When the client requests the site, it will first send the request to the Squid, and then Squid will process the user's request action. A-Ming teaches you a very easy distinction: forward proxy, Squid is followed by the client, the client surfing the Internet through Squid; reverse proxy, Squid is followed by the server, the server to return data to the user needs to go Squid.
You may ask, when do you need to configure a forward proxy and when do you configure a reverse proxy? A Ming's view is that forward agents are used in the office environment of enterprises, and employees need to surf the Internet through Squid agents, which can save network bandwidth resources. The reverse proxy is used to build the caching server for static items (pictures, html, streaming media, js, css, etc.) of the website, which is used in the website architecture.
4pr 1 squid forward agent
Installation
Yum install-y squid
Vim / etc/squid/squid.conf
Delete the # before cache_dir and cache the directory
Add on the next line of cache_dir
Cache_men 28MB
Add on the next line of refresh_pattern
Refresh_pattern\. (jpg | png | gif | mp3 | mp4 | js) 1440 20% 2880 ignore-reload
Add the next line.
Visible_hostname aminglinux.com
: wq
/ etc/init.d/squid start start
Netstat-lnp view port 3128 on which squid listens
Curl test
Curl-x127.0.0.1 3128 www.baidu.com-I (uppercase I)
Browser testing
Tools-- internet options-- connections-- LAN Settings-- Advanced
192.168.11.160 3128
Can visit the web page
Set access restrictions
Add on the last line of acl
Acl http proto HTTP acl good_domain dstdomain .baidu.com http_access allow good_domain
Http_access deny! good_domain
(whitelist, only baidu.com access is allowed, blacklist is bad_domain)
: wq
Squid-kcheck checks the configuration file for errors
Squid-kre reload
Curl test
4pint 2 squid reverse proxy
Vim / etc/squid/squid.conf
Acting Baidu
Http_port 80 accel vhost vport
Cache_peer 61.135.169.125 parent 800 originserver name=a cache_peer_domain a www.baidu.com (Baidu Source ip+ Port + Domain name)
: wq
/ etc/init.d/squid restart
Curl-xlocalhost:80 http://www.baidu.com/ is normal
Curl-xlocalhost:80 http://www.qq.com/, no.
Reverse proxy is mainly used to cache static items, because many static items, especially pictures and streaming media, consume bandwidth. In China, it is slow for Unicom to access telecom resources in this case, and it will be even slower if you access pictures and streaming media with large traffic. So if you configure a squid reverse proxy on Unicom to allow Unicom clients to access the Unicom squid directly, these static items have been cached on squid. This greatly speeds up the speed of access. You may have heard of CDN, but in fact, this is the way it is designed.
4Pol 3 JDK installation in tomcat
The website written in Java is called jsp. At present, many websites are written in jsp, so the program for parsing jsp must have relevant software to complete. Tomcat is a software used to parse jsp programs.
Tomcat is a lightweight application server, which is widely used in small and medium-sized systems and not many concurrent access users. It is the first choice for developing and debugging JSP programs. For a beginner, it can be thought that when an Apache server is configured on a machine, it can be used to respond to requests for access to HTML pages. The Tomcat part is actually an extension of the Apache server, but it runs independently, so when you run tomcat, it actually runs as a separate process from Apache
Install JDK
Cd / usr/local/src/
Wget http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/data/p_w_upload/forum/jdk-6u23-linux-i586.bin
Mv jdk1.6.0_23 / usr/local/
Set environment variabl
Vim / etc/profile
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/ JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/bin JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/jre PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/jre/bin CLASSPATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/jre/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/lib:/usr/local / jdk1.6.0_23/jre/lib/charsets.jar export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN JRE_HOME PATH CLASSPATH
: wq
After source / etc/profile saves the file, make it effective
Java-version checks whether the setting is correct
4pr 4 tomcat installation
Install Tomcat
Cd / usr/local/src/ wget http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/data/p_w_upload/forum/apache-tomcat-7.0.14.tar.gz
Tar zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.14.tar.gz mv apache-tomcat-7.0.14 / usr/local/tomcat
Cp-p / usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh / etc/init.d/tomcat
Vim / etc/init.d/tomcat
Add the following to the second line
# chkconfig: 112 63 37. / etc/init.d/functions JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_23/ CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
: wq
Chmod 755 / etc/init.d/tomcat chkconfig-add tomcat chkconfig tomcat on
Service tomcat start
Ps aux | grep tomcat
Type http://192.168.11.160:8080 in the browser and you will see the main interface of tomcat
4 tomcat 5 configuration and optimization
Make a domain name or change the listening port
Vim / usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
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