Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

In this issue, the editor will bring you what is the command to install linux software. The article is rich in content and analyzes and describes for you from a professional point of view. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

1. Brief introduction of deb package, installation and uninstallation steps:

Deb file is the linux distribution debian system installation package format, and other systems such as debian-based distribution ubuntu also use the deb format installation package, we can use the dpkg command to install and manage these deb installation package files. The package management tool is apt-get.

The naming of Debian software packages follows the following conventions:-.deb

For example, nano_1.3.10-2_i386.deb

Package name: nano

Version: 1.3.10

Revision number: 2

Platform: i386

Installation steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.deb, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.deb is located

3. Sudo dpkg-I xx.deb.

Uninstall steps:

1. Sudo dpkg-r xxSoftName.

2. Brief introduction, installation and uninstallation steps of rpm package:

Rpm, whose full name is "RedHat Package Manager", is a package manager developed by RedHat. It is mainly used in CentOS systems, while CentOS is a free-to-use enterprise distribution based on Red Hat Linux. The package management tool is YUM.

The naming of rpm software packages follows the following conventions:-.rpm

For example, openssl-1.0.1c-1.i686.rpm

Package name: openssl

Version: 1.0.1c-1

Platform: i686

Installation steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.rpm, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.rpm is located

3. Sudo rpm-ivh xx.rpm. (install and display information about files being installed and installation progress)

Uninstall steps:

1. Sudo rpm-e xxSoftName. (- e can be replaced by-earse)

3. Brief introduction and execution steps of AppImage package:

For many years, we have been using deb to manage Debian/Ubuntu packages and rpm to manage Fedora/SUSE packages. Installing linux software in these two ways will generate multiple files in different directories and require root permissions to modify the system.

AppImage doesn't need to do this. In fact, AppImage does not need to be installed. AppImage is a compressed image file that contains all the dependencies and library files needed to run, and can be used in almost all linux distributions.

You can execute the AppImage file directly without installation. When you delete the AppImage file, the whole software is deleted. You can think of it as one of the installation-free exe files on windows systems.

Perform the steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.AppImage, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.AppImage is located

3. Add executable permissions: sudo chmod aquix xx.AppImage

4. Execute it:. / xx.AppImage.

4. Brief introduction, installation and uninstall steps of tar.gz and tar.bz2 source code packages:

The first thing to say is that tar.gz and tar.bz2 are not package formats, but zip formats. You can compress anything in any format into tar.gz and tar.bz2 files, just like .7z, .zip and .rar.

The tar.gz-packaged software you download is likely to be source code, but there are also places where binary code is packaged into tar.gz. Source code packages and binary packages are two forms of software packages.

The binary package contains programs that have been compiled and can be run immediately. You just need to download and unpack (install) them and you can use them immediately.

The source code package contains the original program code, which needs to be compiled on your computer before you can produce a runnable program, so it takes a long time to install from the source code.

Binary package: mysql-3.23.58-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz, the package name in binary format is very long, with version number, adaptive platform, adaptive hardware platform, and so on.

Source code package: php-5.2.14.tar.gz, and the source code format is only a version number of the tar package.

Steps for compiling and installing the source code package:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.tar.gz, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.tar.gz is located

3. Decompress: tar-xvf xx.tar.gz

4. Cd decompressed files and: cd xx

5. Configuration file:. / configure

6. Start compiling: make

7. Install the generated binaries: make install.

Note: the specific installation method is based on the README and other help files in the software source code.

Uninstall steps:

1. In the source code package directory, the terminal executes: make uninstall.

5. Brief introduction of apt-get:

Apt-get (Advanced Package Tool), a linux command for deb package-managed operating systems, is mainly used to automatically search, install, upgrade, and uninstall software or operating systems from the Internet software repository (repositories).

Originally released in 1998, it is used to retrieve applications and load them into the Debian Linux system. One of the reasons for Apt-get 's fame is its excellent ability to solve software dependencies. It usually uses .deb-formatted files, but with modifications, you can use apt-rpm to process Red Hat's Package Manager (RPM) files.

Mainstream Linux systems that use apt-get include Debian and Ubuntu mutant versions. In most cases, run the tool from the command line. There are several graphical front ends available on the desktop, including Synaptic Package Manager, Ubuntu Software Center, Aptitude, and Kpackage. Users of Raspberry Pi and Beaglebone Black nanoLinux versions can easily use the apt-get loader because these systems usually come from Ubuntu or Debian code. Is a package management tool for the debian,ubuntu distribution, very similar to the yum tool in Red Hat.

The apt-get command generally requires root permission to execute, so it usually follows the sudo command. The apt-get command can only be used for packages in repositories, not for deb packages that you download. If you want to deal with deb packages you download, you can only use the dpkg command.

Common commands:

Apt-get install packagename # install a new package apt-get remove packagename # Uninstall an installed package (retain configuration documentation) apt-get remove-- purge packagename # Uninstall an installed package (remove configuration document) apt-get autoremove packagename # remove package and its dependent package apt-get autoremove-- purge packagname # remove package and its dependent package + configuration file Dpkg-force-all-purge packagename # is a little more thorough than the one above-- some software is difficult to uninstall and blocks other software applications, so you can use this, but it's a bit risky. Apt-get update # scans each software source server and indexes the software package resources that the server has, which are stored in the local / var/lib/apt/lists/ directory. Apt-get upgrade # upgrades all the software packages in the system to the latest version at once, which makes it easy to update the software package in the release with the same version number. Several directories related to apt-get:

The content of the # file is the description of the software package, which includes all packages in the ubunt installation source used by the current system, including installed and uninstalled packages on the current system. The / var/lib/dpkg/available # directory is when installing software with apt-get install, the temporary storage path of the package / var/cache/apt/archives # is the software source site / etc/apt/sources.list # using the apt-get update command will download the software list from / etc/apt/sources.list and save it to this directory / var/lib/apt/listsAPT:

Ubuntu uses a centralized software warehouse mechanism to store all kinds of software packages in the software warehouse and organize and manage them effectively. Then, the software repository is placed in a large number of mirror servers, and basically consistent. In this way, all Ubuntu users can get the latest version of the installation package at any time. Therefore, for users, these mirror servers are their Reposity. However, because each user lives in a different network environment, it is impossible to visit each mirror site at will. In order to selectively access, in the Ubuntu system, use the software source configuration file / etc/apt/sources.list to list the most appropriate mirror site addresses.

6. Brief introduction of yum:

Yum is a Shell front-end package manager in Fedora and RedHat as well as in SUSE. Based on RPM package management, RPM packages can be downloaded and installed automatically from designated servers, dependencies can be automatically dealt with, and all dependent software packages can be installed at one time without tedious downloading and installation. Yum provides commands to find, install, and delete one, a group, or even all of the software packages, and the commands are concise and easy to remember.

The command form of yum is generally as follows: yum [options] [command] [package …] [options] is optional, and the options include-h (help),-y (when prompted by the installation process to select all "yes"),-Q (does not show the installation process), and so on. [command] for the operation to be done, [package...] Is the object of the operation.

Common commands:

# installation command yum install # install all yum install # install specified software yum groupinsall # installer group # update and upgrade yum update # update all yum update # update specified package yum check-update # check updatable programs yum upgrade # upgrade specified package yum groupupdate # upgrade program group # find and display yum list # show all installed and installable packages yum list # Display the installation of the specified package yum info # display package information yum groupinfo # display program group information # delete command yum remove # delete package yum groupremove # delete group yum deplist # View package dependency # clear cache yum clean packages # clear package yum clean headers in cache directory # clear heade s7. Introduction of .run file, installation and uninstallation steps:

The .run file is the software running on Linux, and the class is the .exe file on windows.

Installation steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.run, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.run is located

3. Add executable permissions: sudo chmod aquix xx.run

4. Execute it:. / xx.run.

Uninstall steps:

1. Locate the uninstall file in the installation directory: locate virtualbox | grep uninstall

2. Execute the uninstall file:. / uninstall.

8. Brief introduction, installation and uninstallation steps of bin package:

The .bin file extension is binary, and it is also the machine language obtained by compiling the source program. There is some software that can be released as an installation package with the suffix .bin, such as jdk-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin.

Installation steps:

1. Find the corresponding software package, such as xx.bin, and download it to a directory on this machine.

2. The directory where cd xx.bin is located

3. Add executable permissions: sudo chmod aquix xx.bin

4. Execute it:. / xx.bin. (you can specify the installation directory during the installation)

Uninstall steps:

Just delete the installation directory selected during installation.

Extension: 1. The platform for installing the package refers to the hardware platform, including: i386, i486, i586, i686, x86 / 64, ppc, sparc, alpha. If the platform is noarch, it means that such a software package can be installed and run on any platform, without the need for a specific hardware platform.

2. The specific parameters used by the package management command can use either the full name or abbreviation. Take the deb command as an example:

Installation command:-I can be replaced with-install.

Uninstall command:-r can be replaced with-removel.

3. The configuration in the tar.gz source code package can make the installation directory in one step, that is, add the parameter-prefix=/**, such as:. / configure-prefix=/usr/local/aaa after the. / configure command, that is, install the software in the aaaa directory of the / usr/local/ path. The default installation directory for general software is / usr/local or / opt.

4. Why not convert all the software into deb packages, and click on how convenient it is to install? Program source code is independent of software and hardware platforms, so people who write programs generally only maintain the source code. A good program can run on a variety of operating systems. Binary packages such as deb packages rely on hardware and software platforms. For example, the deb package for deep operating systems can only be used under x86 ubuntu, but not for other systems. At the same time, the distribution of the source code also gives the user high permissions, he can make his own binary package, such as using dpkg to make.

The above is the editor for you to share the linux software installation command is what, if you happen to have similar doubts, you might as well refer to the above analysis to understand. If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

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