Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Theoretical study

Question 1: what is the difference between static and dynamic routes?

1 > static routes are fixed routes set in routers. Dynamic routes are calculated automatically by configured dynamic routing protocols and routing table entries are updated.

2 > the troubleshooting of static routing is not as perfect as that of dynamic routing.

3 > dynamic routing protocols occupy bandwidth and CPU resources, and execution priority is not as high as static routing.

Question 2: briefly describe the constituent elements of the route and the role of each element?

Constituent elements: route type, destination network, subnet mask, forwarding interface or next-hop gateway, administrative distance, metric, etc.

Route type: indicates the type or source of the route table entry

Destination network: data needs to be forwarded to the destination network address

Subnet mask: data coordinates for calibrating network addresses

Forwarding interface: the router forwarding hardware interface that reaches the destination network

Next pick gateway: the IP address of the interface between the destination network and the peer router connected by this router, and the IP of the interface of the first neighboring router used for packet forwarding

Administrative distance: set the priority of each route

Metric: various routing protocols measure the "path length" to the destination network

Question 3: what is the difference between a normal route and a default route?

Command format for ordinary routing: Router (config) # ip router [destination network] [subnet mask] {forwarding interface / next-hop gateway}

A default route is a special static route. The default route is the default route that is configured if the routing table cannot find a specific route to the destination network.

Task description

Both An and B companies have their own independent local area networks. And they are far away (more than 100 meters). Now the two companies have merged and need to lay optical fiber to realize the network communication and resource sharing of the two companies' local area networks.

Task implementation

1. Network topology design

two。 Device configuration commands (each router is configured separately)

R1 router configuration:

Enter the router and change its name to R1

Give the router two port addresses,

R2 router configuration:

Enter the router and change its name to R2,

Enter the two ports of the router and give the address,

Configure routing for R1

Configure routing for R2

3. Single-stage test results

Configure an address for PC0,

Configure an address for PC1,

PC0 ping router R1's F0ram0 interface IP

Router R1 ping router R2 interface f1bin0

From the computer, PC1 ping the F0Unix 1 interface of router R2.

All can ping, which means that the single-stage test passed.

4. Comprehensive test results

Use PC0 ping PC1

5. View routes for each router

View R1 rout

View R2 rout

Work expansion

If three routers are connected to four subnets, how to configure routes and list the routes configured by each router

1. Use Fine routing configuration

R1 router

R2 router

Netcom router

two。 Use default routing configuration

R1 router

R2 router

Netcom router

Think about the question:

1. How to apply the point-by-point testing method?

1): on computer A, the ip address of interface F0Univer1 of ping router. If ping is general, proceed to the next step. If you can't communicate with ping, it may be due to the wrong gateway setting of computer A.

(2) after a successful test in the previous step, continue to ping the iP address of interface F0max 0 of the R2 router on computer A. If ping is general, proceed to the next step. If it is not possible to ping, it may be due to the fact that the R2 router has not set up the destination network route of computer A.

(3) after a successful test in the previous step, continue to ping the iP address of the F0max 1 interface of the R2 router on computer A. If ping is general, proceed to the next step. If it is not possible to ping, it may be due to the fact that the R1 router has not set up the destination network route of the R2 router F0max 1 interface.

(4) if the test in the previous step is successful, continue to ping the iP address of computer B on computer A. If ping is connected to the whole network, it may be due to the fact that computer B has not set up a gateway or set an error if it cannot be connected with ping.

2. In the process of ping, there are several types of response information. What do they represent?

(1) "Reply from 192.168.1.1:Destination host unreachable" indicates that the destination address is unreachable. This message occurs because the router is not configured or misconfigured.

(2) the "Request timed out" prompt cannot ping. There are many reasons for this message, such as the destination host is not powered on, or the destination address does not exist, or there is a problem with the network line, or the other party turns on the firewall, and so on.

(3) "Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=20ms TTL=125" indicates that this line is connected.

3. Describe the forwarding process of the router in your own words?

(1) after the packet arrives at the router, it is found that there is no routing table entry for the destination network, and then the packet is discarded, that is, it cannot be ping.

(2) after the packet arrives at the first router, query the data table to find the routing table entry of the destination network. If it is a directly connected route, the second router can be generated directly, corresponding to the forwarding interface. At this point, the second router will send the reply packet like the original network host. If the router has the original network host route, the reply packet will be sent successfully.

(3) the packet arrives at the first router to query the routing table item. if multiple routes can reach the destination network, the best path is determined by the administrative distance, and the one with the smallest administrative distance is selected for data forwarding. The route of the general destination network is determined by static route and RIP dynamic route. Because the administrative distance of static route is small, static route forwarding is generally used. Find the next-hop gateway address corresponding to the static route, forward the packet to the second router, query the routing table to find the destination address, and if it is a directly connected route, it will be forwarded from the forwarding interface of the second router to the destination host, and the destination host will reply to the source host when it receives the packet. If the routing tables of both routers are complete, the packet will be answered successfully.

If the first router does not have a static route configured, only RIP is configured, and if there are two RIP-generated routes to the destination network, the metric determines which route is selected for packet forwarding.

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