Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

Tomcat Total Raiders

What is 1.tomcat?

Tomcat server is a free and open source Web application server, which was originally called catalina, but was later developed by Apache, Sun and other companies and individuals, and renamed Tomcat. Tomcat is an application (java) server, it is a servlet container, it is an extension of Apache, but it runs independently. Tomat is used in Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages,Java Expression Language and other Javaweb development technologies.

The Apache Tomcat software is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and Java WebSocket technologies. The Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and Java WebSocket specifications are developed under the Java Community Process.The Apache Tomcat software is developed in an open and participatory environment and released under the Apache License version 2. The Apache Tomcat project is intended to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from around the world. We invite you to participate in this open development project. To learn more about getting involved, click here.

Apache Tomcat software powers numerous large-scale, mission-critical web applications across a diverse range of industries and organizations. Some of these users and their stories are listed on the PoweredBy wiki page.

Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache, the Apache feather, and the Apache Tomcat project logo are trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation.

-- from http://tomcat.apache.org/

2.tomcat yum installation

1.yum install jdk

Yum install-y java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel

2.yum install tomcat

Yum install-y tomcat, tomcat-lib, tomcat-admin-webapps, tomcat-webapps, tomcat-docs-webapp

3.tomcat rpm package environment

1. View the way the program environment

Rpm-ql tomcat

two。 Environment introduction

Configuration file directory: / etc/tomcat

Master profile: server.xml

Webapps storage location: / var/lib/tomcat/webapps/

Examples

Manager

Host-manager

Docs

Unit File:tomcat.service

Environment profile: / etc/sysconfig/tomcat

4.tomcat configuration file composition

Server.xml: main profile

Web.xml: each webapp can only be accessed after "deployment". Its deployment method is usually defined by web.xml and its storage location is in the WEB-INF directory. The web.xml file provides default deployment-related configuration for all webapps.

Context.xml: each webapp can have a dedicated configuration file, which is usually defined by a dedicated configuration file context.xml, which is stored in the WEB-INF directory; the context.xml file provides the default configuration for all webapps

Tomcat-users.xml: account and password file authenticated by the user

Catalina.policy: used to set security policy for tomcat when tomcat is started with the-security option

The definition file for the catalina.properties:Java attribute, which is used to set the classloader path and some parameters related to JVM tuning

Logging.properties: log system-related configuration

Core component of 5.Tomcat: server.xml

... Engine >

Each component is implemented by a Java "class", which can be broadly divided into the following types:

Top-level component: Server

Service component: Service

Connector components: http, https, ajp (apache jserv protocol)

Container classes: Engine, Host, Context

Nested classes: valve, logger, realm, loader, manager,...

Cluster class components: listener, cluster,...

6.JSP WebAPP introduction

Tomcat can run JSP WebAPP. Now the mainstream large-scale web e-commerce web services are developed with JSP. Here is an introduction to JSP WebAPP.

6.1 organizational structure of JSP WebAPP

/: root directory of webapps

Index.jsp: home page

The private resource path of WEB-INF/: 's current webapp; typically used to store the web.xml and context.xml configuration files of the current webapp

META-INF/: is similar to WEB-INF/

Classes/: class file, the class provided by the current webapp

The lib/: class file, which is currently provided by webapp, is packaged in jar format

6.2 webapp Archive format

.war: webapp

.jar: class package file for EJB

.rar: resource adapter class package file

.ear: enterprise webapp

6.3 related operations to deploy (deploy) webapp:

Deploy: place the source files of webapp in the target directory (the directory where web program files are stored), and configure the tomcat server to access this webapp; based on the paths defined in web.xml and context.xml files. Load its unique and dependent classes to JVM through class loader

There are two ways to deploy:

1. Automatic deployment: auto deploy

two。 Manual deployment:

2.1Cold deployment: copy webapp to the specified location (tomcat installed by rpm at / var/lib/tomcat/webapps) before starting tomcat

2.2Hot deployment: deploy without stopping tomcat

Hot deployment tools include: manager, ant script, tcd (tomcat client deployer), etc.

Undeploy: anti-deployment, stop webapp, and uninstall webapp from the tomcat instance

Start: starts the webapp in the stopped state

Stop: stop webapp and no longer provide services to users; its class is still on jvm

Redeploy: redeploy

6.4 provide a test application manually and deploy it cold:

Mkidr-pv / usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/ {classes,lib,WEB-INF} # create JSP WebAPP-related directories and file vi / usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp # manually create a WebAPP application Test Page

6.4.1 access test through browser

Configuration of common components of 7.Tomcat

7.1 Server

Stands for tomcat instance, that is, a java process shown; listens on port 8005 and only receives "SHUTDOWN". The listening ports of each server cannot be the same. Therefore, when starting multiple instances on the same physical host, you need to modify their listening ports to different ports.

7.2 Service

Used to associate one or more connector components to an engine component

7.3 Connector components

Responsible for receiving requests, there are three common types of http/https/ajp

Requests to enter the tomcat can be divided into two categories:

(1) standalone: the request comes from the client browser

(2) replaced by other web server: the reverse server from the front end. Here are four scenarios.

Nginx-- > http connector-- > tomcathttpd (proxy_http_module)-- > http connector-- > tomcathttpd (proxy_ajp_module)-- > ajp connector-- > tomcathttpd (mod_jk)-- > ajp connector-- > tomcat

Connector attribute:

Port= "8080"

Protocol= "HTTP/1.1"

ConnectionTimeout= "20000"

Address: the IP address of the listener; default is all available addresses on the machine

MaxThreads: maximum number of concurrent connections. Default is 200.

EnableLookups: whether to enable the DNS query feature

AcceptCount: the maximum length of the waiting queue

Secure: security related

SslProtocol:ssl security protocol

7.4 Engine components

A Servlet instance, or servlet engine, can define a site internally with one or more host components; usually a default virtual host is defined through defaultHost

Attributes:

Name=

DefaultHost= "localhost"

JvmRoute=

7.5 Host components

A host or virtual host located inside the engine to receive requests and process them accordingly, for example:

Common attribute description:

(1) appBase: the default storage directory for the webapps of this Host, which refers to the directory where non-archived web applications are stored or the path to the WAR file that is archived; you can use the relative path based on the path defined by the $CATALINA_BASE variable

(2) autoDeploy: when a webapp is placed in a directory defined by appBase when Tomcat is running, whether it is automatically deployed to tomcat

Example 1:

Mkdir-pv / appdata/huwho # create a directory where webapps is stored mkdir-pv / appdata/huwho/ROOT/ {lib,classes,WEB-INF} # create a file related to webapp vi / appdata/huwho/ROOT/index.jsp # provide a test page to Test Page

Access the test through the browser:

Sample 2:JSP WebAPP deployment application

Note: do this experiment on the basis of example 1, make sure the directory is at / appdata/huwho, do the following

Download this package: shopxx-a5-Beta.zip

Decompress: unzip shopxx-a5-Beta.zip

Create a soft link: ln-sv shop shopxx-v3.0-Beta

Browser access test

7.6 Context components

The Context component is the innermost component, which represents the Web application itself. The most important thing to configure a Context is to specify the root directory of the Web application so that the Servlet container can send user requests to the correct location.

Official example:

Add context component content based on the above experiment

Vi / etc/tomcat/server.xml mkdir-pv / e-shop cd / e-shop mv shopxx-v3.0-Beta / e-shop/ ln-sv eshop shopxx-v3.0-Beta

Browser access test

7.7 Valve components

Used to intercept a request and perform some processing before moving it to the target, similar to the filter defined in the Servlet specification.

There are many types of Valve:

Define the access log:

Org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve

Define access control:

Org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve

Two Management applications of 8.Tomcat

Tomcat has its own management application, and we only need to configure it to enable it.

One is manager, the other is host-manager.

Add the following three lines to the vi tomcat-users.xml # configuration file to open the tomcat management application

Once configured, let's have a look at it through the browser. Click on the location identified in the figure to enter the management center.

Prompt for account number and password. According to the account password configured by the configuration file, enter it.

View the administration page

9.Tomcat cluster deployment

9.1 nt (nginx+tomcat)

1.nginx reverse proxy Tomcat example

Server {server_name www.huwho.cn; listen 80; location / {proxy_pass http://192.168.0.13:8080;} location ~ *\. (jsp | do) {proxy_pass http://192.168.0.13:8080;}

Open the browser to test, the nginx agent succeeded

2.nginx load balancing reverse proxy Tomcat example

Add the following to the paragraph vi / etc/nginx/nginx.conf # http {}: upstream tcsrvs {# hash $request_uri consistent; server 192.168.0.13 upstream tcsrvs 8080; server 192.168.0.14 upstream tcsrvs 8080;} vi / etc/nginx/conf.d/huwho.conf server {server_name www.huwho.com; listen 80 Location / {proxy_pass http://tcsrvs;}}

Open the browser to test, the web page is accessed normally, and you can access two Tomat hosts.

9.2 at (httpd+tomcat)

1.httpd reverse proxy Tomat example

Vi / etc/httpd/conf.d/huwho.conf ServerName www.huwho.cn ProxyRequests Off ProxyVia On ProxyPreserveHost On Require all granted ProxyPass / http://192.168.0.13:8080/ ProxyPa***everse / http://192.168.0.13:8080/ Require all granted

Sample 2.proxy_http_module proxy configuration (proxy + load balancing)

Cat httpd-tomcat.huwho.conf BalancerMember http://192.168.0.13:8080 loadfactor=1 BalancerMember http://192.168.0.14:8080 loadfactor=2 ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests ServerName www.huwho.cn ProxyRequests Off ProxyVia On ProxyPreserveHost On Require all granted ProxyPass / balancer://tcsrvs/ ProxyPa*** Everse / balancer://tcsrvs/ Require all granted SetHandler balancer-manager ProxyPass! Require ip 10.0.0.1

Open the browser to test, the web page is accessed normally, and you can access two Tomat hosts.

3. Proxy_ajp_module proxy configuration example (proxy + load balancer)

[root@httpd conf.d] # cat http-ajp-huwho.conf BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.13:8009 BalancerMember ajp://192.168.0.14:8009 ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests ServerName ajp.huwho.cn ProxyRequests Off ProxyVia On ProxyPreserveHost On Require all granted ProxyPass / balancer://ajsrvs/ ProxyPa***everse / balancer://ajsrvs/ Require all granted

Open the browser to test, the web page is accessed normally, and you can access two Tomat hosts.

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