Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Tty console terminal

Pts virtual terminal

Tty1-tty6

It starts with a graphical interface: tty1 is a graphical interface. Tty2-6 is a character interface

Switch from graphical interface to character interface terminal: ctrl+alt+f2-6

Character interface switch to another character interface terminal: alt+f2-6

Character interface switch to graphics terminal alt+f1

Pts virtual terminal

Shortcut key

Create a new virtual terminal for c+s+t

Enlarged fonts

C +-reduce the font

Alt+ digital key terminal handoff

View the currently logged in user whoami

View the who am i of the current pseudo terminal

[zq@zq Desktop] $who am i

Zq pts/1 2017-05-07 01:43 (: 0)

[zq@zq Desktop] $w

01:51:11 up 2:20, 2 users, load average: 0.01, 0.08, 0.10

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

Zq: 0: 0 23:32? xdm? 3:21 0.25s gdm-session-w

Zq pts/1: 0 01:43 7.00s 0.11s 0.06s w

[zq@zq Desktop] $ssh root@192.168.1.63

The authenticity of host '192.168.1.63 (192.168.1.63)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is f1:c2:7e:02:e1:a6:d0:11:91:6b:d7:10:90:c0:ea:f0.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.63' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

Root@192.168.1.63's password:

Last login: Sat May 6 23:35:09 2017

[root@zq ~] # exit

Log out

Connection to 192.168.1.63 closed.

[zq@zq Desktop] $ps-aux | grep pts

Zq 7483 0.0 0.3 116800 3388 pts/1 Ss 01:43 0:00 bash

Zq 8047 0.0 0.1 141576 1696 pts/1 R + 01:54 0:00 ps-aux

Zq 8048 0.0 112660 964 pts/1 R + 01:54 0:00 grep-color=auto pts

Shell prompt

[zq@zq Desktop] $

[] user @ hostname current login name] prompt $regular user # root user

Basic syntax of Bash Shell

Summarize the input rules of linux commands:

How to enter a command:

The command [option] {[parameter]} [value of option] {[value of parameter]} is separated by spaces

General options (parameters):-h-- help characteristics: options look like:-letters-- words

Ls-l View details

Ls-a View Hidden

Ls-d view table of contents

Ls-h is easy to read

. Current directory

.. Parent directory parent directory

Different colors represent different file types in the linux system.

Blue directory / etc

Black file / etc/passwd

Light blue link / etc/grub2.cfg

Red compressed package boot.tar.gz

Green executable file / etc/init.d/network

Black background yellow letter device file / dev/sda

Pwd check the current directory without parameters cd switch directory

View system and BIOS hardware time

[root@zq ~] # date View

Sunday, May 07, 2017, 13:31:58 CST

[root@zq ~] # date-s modification

[root@zq ~] # date system time

Sunday, May 07, 2017, 13:34:16 CST

[root@zq ~] # hwclock BIOS time

Sunday, May 07, 2017 21:28:12-0.446058 seconds

Parameter-h or-- help

Date-help

Fdisk-h

Man find

Shutdown command

Shutdown init reboot poweroff

LAN LAN VXLAN is used in openstack

Shutdown function: shutdown, restart, timing shutdown

Syntax: shutdown [options]

-r = "restart the computer

-h = "turn off the computer

-h + time = "timing shutdown

Init function: switch system runlevel syntax: init 0-6

Linux7 startup level

0 system downtime mode. The default running level of the system cannot be set to 0, otherwise it cannot be started normally and the machine shuts down.

1 single user mode, root permission, for system maintenance, prohibit remote login, just like secure mode login under windows

2 multi-user mode, no nfs network support

3 complete multi-user text mode, with nfs, log in to the console command mode

4 the system is not in use, it is generally not used, and it can be used to do some things in some special cases, such as switching to this mode to make some settings when the battery of the notebook computer runs out.

5 graphical mode, log in to the graphical gui mode, x Windows system

6 restart mode. The default running level cannot be set to 6, otherwise the init6 machine will restart if it cannot be started normally.

Runlevel View run level

View the current default startup level

[root@zq ~] # systemctl get-default

Graphical.target

Start at a regular time in actual combat

BIOS

When you enter bios, the motherboard screen usually appears after booting. Press the delete button, and some brand machines may press F1 power Management Setup f2 to enter the power management settings.

File directory management of linux

/ commonly referred to as the root partition, the starting point of all files and directories. Only root users have write access to this directory.

The / etc configuration file contains configuration files for all applications, as well as scripts to start and shut down a particular program

/ boot stores the files that need to be loaded when the Linux system starts. Kernel, grub and other files are stored here

/ var is a growing directory that contains files that change frequently

Eg: log / var/log package file / var/lib

/ root administrator all data, root user's home directory

/ tmp temporary file storage location, cannot store important data, files under tmp will be deleted regularly

/ usr represents the unix software source / usr/src source code directory

/ bin contains binary executable files

/ sbin system commands, the commands in this directory are mainly used by system administrators and have been protected by the system

For example, reboot fdisk

/ mnt mount directory mount point, which can be used by system administrators to temporarily mount file series, / media

/ dev contains the device file. In linux, everything is seen as files, terminal devices, disks, etc., as files eg: / dev/sda

/ home all data of ordinary users is stored in this directory

/ proc this directory is a virtual directory, it is the mapping of system memory, we can access this directory directly to get system information

Check our memory information, cpu information

Cat/proc/meminfo | grep "mem"

/ lib stores the library files of the system

Lib library includes dynamic runtime and static library.

Lib***.an is a static library

Lib***.so is a dynamic library.

Static libraries are loaded into binaries at compile time

Dynamic libraries are loaded into the memory space of the process at run time

To put it simply, these libraries are designed to allow your program to compile and run normally.

It works like .dll files in Windows, and almost all applications use these common files.

Summary:

. In most cases, the local administrator installs the additional software in the / usr/local directory and symlinks the main executor under / usr/local/bin.

. All settings for the system are in the / etc directory.

. Do not modify anything in the root directory ("/") or / usr directory.

The directory had better be the same as when linux was released.

. Most tools and applications are installed in the directory: / bin,/usr/sbin,/sbin

. All the files are under a single directory tree. There is no so-called "driver."

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