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The Go language has always been at the top of the list of the most popular programming languages today. As we all know, the Go language is very popular now, writing Go code is also very interesting, and Go is also very popular in the community, mainly because of the speed block of the Go language, which is efficient. In addition to these well-known advantages, we look forward to discovering more unknown information about Go. In order to find more facts, we have carried out in-depth research on the basis of the existing information of Go. We invited Florin P é cor an, an Go language expert and Goland development advocate, to express his views on Go language trends.

Where are about 1.1 million Go developers

Overall, about 1.1 million professional Go developers use Go as the main development language. If we take into account developers who use other languages as their main development languages, but include Go as a hobby, the number may be close to 2.7 million.

In terms of global distribution, the largest number of Go developers live in Asia, with about 570000 developers using Go as the main development language.

Expert analysis:

This is exactly where I am most looking forward to developing with Go. In terms of the number of Go users, Asia tops the list. I think the main reason is that there are a large number of developers from big companies like Tencent, Alibaba and Huawei. These companies generally have a lot of developers.

Where exactly?

The following figure shows the distribution of developers using Go as the primary language in each country we surveyed in the 2020 developer Ecology Survey (respondents can choose up to 3 major languages). China has the highest concentration of developers, with 16% of Chinese developers using Go.

Expert analysis:

I'm not surprised to see China at the top of the list. I thought Russia would be in second place, and the United States would be higher, probably in the top five.

China may be at the top of the list because they have the largest number of developers. And many of the companies I know, such as PingCAP, Tencent and Huawei, have developers to support and build their internal tools, infrastructure and back-end services, which are combined with micro services. This seems to be the key reason why China is at the top of the list.

I know the Go community in Russia is great, so it's no wonder that Go is very popular there. I was curious about Japan and Ukraine because I didn't think they would be so tall. I thought Germany and India would be taller. I remember when I was in Berlin four or five years ago, every startup I knew was using Go.

Industry insight

Go still retains the top 10 languages used by developers, with Go's share at about 9%, according to the 2020 developer Ecological Survey.

Expert analysis:

I think Go will continue to grow. People don't usually use Go as their starting language for programming, but they migrate from other languages, such as PHP, Ruby, but as far as I know, mainly from C++ and C#.

Go's advantage over PHP is type safety, because Go is a statically typed language, while PHP is a dynamically typed language. This means that the compiler does a lot of work at run time to ensure that the code you write compiles and runs properly. Compared with C++, the advantage of Go is simplicity. In Go, everything is so simple.

In general, Go is characterized by its inherent speed, whether it's writing code or running time. In general, you can improve performance by 5-10 times with Go without any special optimization, which is a very important production advantage for the company. At the same time, Go is also a simple language, easy to use, and easy to replace micro services in existing projects.

Many IT infrastructure tools, such as Kubernetes, Docker, and Vault (to name a few large examples) are built with Go. So while many companies use Java, there is still a team that uses Go, especially to maintain and patch these projects. This may be another reason why Go adoption continues to grow. The more this technology is used in public technical facilities and deployments, the faster Go will grow. I think more and more people will adopt Go in the next few years, and we will see that about 15% of developers will use Go. In particular, considering a question asked in the developer Ecology Survey, "do you plan to adopt or migrate to another language in the next 12 months?" 13% of respondents answered Go.

Types of software developed by Go

Web services are the most popular area for using Go, accounting for 36% of the total, according to a 2020 developer ecological survey.

Expert analysis:

I think the main reason why it is a Web service is that building an API service is very fast. They don't need a framework to quickly start and run one with Go.

I don't think this picture will change much in the future. I really want to see more sharing of Web services, because it's really easy to start a Web service with Go.

For practical Mini Program, I have seen a lot of similar, because Go can easily quickly write a small application to help you with a large amount of data, write a small utility or an one-time task that consumes a lot of resources. As more and more people adopt Docker and Kubernetes, more and more people will use Go simply because they are writing in Go. Any type of DevOps work can benefit from Go because it provides type safety and speed. It is easy to interact with the cloud of the infrastructure (Google, Amazon, Azure, etc.) because they all have good SDK. I think we can look forward to some improvements in "Libraries / Frameworks" when generics come in the next few years.

System software-I think as more and more people start to write system software in languages like Rust, this number will decline. The same is true of databases. So this is about 6% of the market, which may become a business opportunity in the future. Programming tools-I'm surprised it has such a high share in the list, and I'm very interested to know what programming tools Go has.

Top industries using Go

According to the 2020 developer Ecology Survey, Go programmers are mainly engaged in IT services, followed by financial and financial technology, cloud technology / cloud platforms, and other industries.

Expert analysis:

Finance and financial technology. This is what I would like to see, because as far as I know, quite a few banks have begun to adopt Go or are widely using Go as their infrastructure. For example, Monzo from the UK used Go to build their entire banking system. Cloud computing and cloud platforms also make sense because they are natural for applications written in Go.

Mobile development is unexpected. Go doesn't have a good mobile development history. If anything, I want you to use Go to provide web services or back-end services for mobile apps, but that's it.

There are several industries where I don't think Go usage will increase any time soon. For example, anything based on machine learning, because this is still the territory of Python. People are trying to make machine learning popular and better in Go, but I don't think there will be any results for at least a few years.

Go tool

Package management

Go Modules is the most popular package management tool among Go developers. According to the 2020 developer ecological survey, its utilization rate rose from 2019 to 41% to 82% in 2020.

Expert analysis:

I think at some point we may have to stop asking this question because Go Modules has been set as the standard default model and the Go team wants to abandon GOPATH. By then, all other package management tools will be eliminated.

Go routing

According to 2020 and 2018 developer ecological surveys, Gorilla / Mux and standard libraries have been the most used Go routes since 2018.

Expert analysis:

The reason why standard libraries are so popular may be that whenever you go to Reddit, Slack, or other places, people usually advise you to stick with standard libraries and use other things only when you really need them. I use gorilla/mux because it is more abstract than the standard library without sacrificing too much performance. It may also be because it is closest to the standard library, and it makes it easier to write servers. Overall, this distribution may be what I would like to see.

5 major Web frameworks

According to 2020 and 2018 developer ecological surveys, Gin usage has almost doubled since 2018, while other Web frameworks have remained stable.

Expert analysis:

Gin is so popular on Web because it is a fast framework and is well recommended. It is also one of the oldest frameworks. Because there will be a lot of documentation there, many users are already using it and recommending it.

Testing framework

The proportion of people using built-in testing frameworks fell from 64 per cent in 2018 to 44 per cent in 2020, while the proportion of people using other testing frameworks increased slightly.

Expert analysis:

The high proportion of built-in testing frameworks is due to the fact that the Go standard library has a very good out-of-the-box testing library.

The decline in built-in testing is mainly due to the fact that more and more people are moving from other languages (such as PHP) to this language, trying to copy their existing testing habits.

Most discussed Go tools and other languages

Go is often discussed in the IT community, and Stack Overflow is one of them. We get data from its QroomA unit to find out which tags appear the most at the same time as "Go". There are 23 tools and two languages (MySQL and PostgreSQL). In addition to these tools, there is also coexistence with other top-level languages. The vertical axis represents the total number of times the label appears, while the horizontal axis represents the number of references to the label with "Go".

Expert analysis:

I expected JSON to be a problem, and it's really not easy to serialize and deserialize Go's data structures into JSON, which is probably why JSON is so eye-catching. It is often difficult for people from other languages to understand struct unless they come from C++ or C.

Based on the popularity of AWS itself, I think Amazon Web Services will have a lot of problems. It's easier to develop Go applications for Google App Engine now, but that wasn't the case before, which is why there are so many problems.

All in all, the Go community is a very interesting and inclusive community, and you can be a member of it. Never exclude newcomers, encourage them to ask questions and explore language. In general topics, generics as well as some language improvements, compiler improvements and so on are often discussed.

Generics in particular, because it is one of the most needed features of the language, and a large number of workloads will benefit from this feature.

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