Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

The purpose of this article is to share with you about the use of processors in microcomputers. The editor thinks it is very practical, so share it with you as a reference and follow the editor to have a look.

The main function of an arithmetic unit in a microcomputer is to perform arithmetic and logical operations. An arithmetic unit is a component that performs all kinds of arithmetic and logical operations in a computer; its basic function is to complete the processing of all kinds of data, such as four arithmetic operations, and, OR, inversion and other logical operations, arithmetic and logic shift operations, compare values, change symbols, and so on.

The main function of an arithmetic unit in a microcomputer is to perform arithmetic and logical operations.

Arithmetic unit: arithmetic unit, the part of a computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations. The basic operation of the arithmetic unit includes addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, logic operations such as and, OR, no, XOR, and shift, comparison and transmission, also known as arithmetic logic unit (ALU).

The arithmetic unit is composed of arithmetic logic unit (ALU), accumulator, state register, general register group and so on. The basic functions of arithmetic logic operation unit (ALU) are four operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, logic operations such as and, OR, no, XOR, shift, complement and so on. When the computer is running, the operation and type of operation of the arithmetic unit are determined by the controller. The data processed by the arithmetic unit comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the arithmetic unit. Together with Control Unit, it forms the core part of CPU.

The basic function of the arithmetic unit is to complete the processing of all kinds of data, such as four arithmetic operations, and, OR, inverse and other logical operations, arithmetic and logic shift operations, compare numerical values, change symbols, calculate the address of main memory, and so on.

The registers in the arithmetic unit are used to temporarily store the data participating in the operation and the intermediate results of the operation. The corresponding components are also set up in the calculator to record the characteristics of the result of an operation, such as whether it is overflowed, the symbol bit of the result, whether the result is zero, and so on.

There are many types of calculators used by computers, and there are different classification methods when analyzed from different angles. From the representation of decimal point, it can be divided into fixed-point arithmetic unit and floating-point arithmetic unit.

The fixed-point arithmetic unit can only do fixed-point number operation, which is characterized by the small range represented by the machine number, but the structure is relatively simple.

The floating-point arithmetic unit has a strong function, which can operate not only on floating-point numbers but also on fixed-point numbers. the representation range of floating-point numbers is very large, but the structure is quite complex.

From the carry system, it is divided into binary arithmetic unit and decimal arithmetic unit. General computers use binary arithmetic unit. As computers are widely used in business and data processing, more and more machines expand the function of decimal operation, so that the arithmetic unit can complete both binary operation and decimal operation.

The calculator in the computer needs to have the function to complete a variety of operations, so it is necessary to integrate all kinds of algorithms and design a complete operation unit.

Performance index

1. Machine word length

The machine word length refers to the basic number of digits of the data involved in the operation. It determines the number of digits of registers, calculators and data buses, so it directly affects the price of hardware. Word length marks the accuracy of the calculation. In order to coordinate accuracy and cost, and to meet various requirements, many computers allow variable word length calculation, such as half word length, full word length, double word length and so on. Because the number and instruction code are placed in the main memory, there is often a corresponding relationship between the word length and the instruction code length, which affects the function of the instruction system. Computer word length ranges from 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit to 64-bit. The machine word length can contain one or more bytes. Machines used in scientific computing need longer word length in order to ensure accuracy; machines used in data processing and industrial control can meet the requirements with a word length of 16 or 32 bits.

2. Operation speed

It is one of the main indicators of the computer. Computers perform different operations

The time required for the operation and the operation may be different, so there are different calculation methods for the operation speed. The average speed is commonly used, that is, the average number of instructions that can be executed per unit time. If the operation speed of a computer is 1 million times per second, it means that the computer can execute an average of 1 million instructions (that is, 1MIPS) in one second. Sometimes the equivalent speed obtained by the weighted average method (that is, calculated according to the execution time of each instruction and the percentage of the instruction in the total operation)

Thank you for reading! This is the end of the article on "what is the use of calculators in microcomputers". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. If you think the article is good, you can share it for more people to see!

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.