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These two parameters of systemd-- switched-root-- deserialize are internal, used in the source code, and do not provide an external interface.

It can be viewed in the system through the ps command, which is process 1:

Example 1:

Root 1 0.0 0.4 45808 4092? Ss Aug22 0:02 / usr/lib/systemd/systemd-- system-- deserialize 15

Example 2:

Root 1 0.0 0.4 128096 4144? Ss Aug22 0:02 / usr/lib/systemd/systemd-switched-root-system-deserialize 21

These are intentionally undocumented internal parts of systemd. Very simply, therefore:

Deserialize is used to restore saved internal state that a previous invocation of systemd, exec () ing this one, has written out to a file. Its option argument is an open file descriptor for that process.

Switched-root is used to tell this invocation of systemd that it has been invoked from systemd managing an initramfs, and so should behave accordingly-including turning off some of the behaviour otherwise caused by-- deserialize.

It's a good answer. To expand on this a bit: systemd running with-deserialize-switched-root essentially means systemd was also used in the initramfs. Nowadays this is pretty common, so those two options are to be expected in the command line of PID 1.

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