Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

This article mainly introduces the introduction of Linux system learning content, the article is very detailed, has a certain reference value, interested friends must read it!

First, learn the Linux system architecture

1. Linux kernel

The kernel is the core of the operating system, which has many basic functions. It is responsible for managing the process, memory, device drivers, files and network system of the system, and determines the performance and stability of the system. The Linux kernel consists of the following parts: memory management, process management, device driver, file system and network management.

2. Linux shell shell is the user interface of the system, which provides an interface for users to interact with the kernel. It receives the command entered by the user and sends it to the kernel for execution. It is a command interpreter. In addition, shell programming language has many characteristics of ordinary programming language, and shell programs written in this programming language have the same effect as other application programs.

3. Linux file system

A file system is a method of organizing files on storage devices such as disks. Linux systems can support a variety of popular file systems, such as EXT2, EXT3, FAT, FAT32, VFAT and ISO9660.

4. Linux application

Standard Linux systems generally have a set of assemblies called applications, which include text editors, programming languages, X Window, office suites, Internet tools, and databases.

5. Linux kernel parameter optimization.

Kernel parameters are an interactive interface between the user and the system kernel. Through this interface, users can dynamically update the kernel configuration while the system is running, and these kernel parameters exist through the Linux Proc file system. Therefore, you can optimize Linux performance by tuning the Proc file system.

Currently, there are mainly the following versions of shell.

7. Bourne Shell: it was developed by Bell Labs.

8. BASH: GNU's Bourne Again Shell, the default shell on the GNU operating system, and most Linux distributions use this shell.

9. Korn Shell: it is a development of Bourne SHell and is compatible with Bourne Shell in most of the content.

10. C Shell: it is the BSD version of SUN's Shell.

II. Basic Linux commands

Basic commands (perhaps too many commands, inconvenient to see, you can copy to the word, and then through the keyword search to find the commands you need! )

(1) ctrl+win+d: display desktop (this is the shortcut key) ctrl+alt+T: quickly open a terminal ctrl+shift+T: create a terminal and display multiple terminals in a browser-like way, and use alt+ numbers to display the corresponding numbers in the terminal interface; ctrl+shift+D: close the terminal

(2) ctrl+C: command is not executed

(3) ls: displays all files and folders in the current directory

(4) ls xxxx: display all files and folders under xxx (for example, show all files and folders under the root directory ls /)

(5) ls-a: show hidden files and non-hidden files in the current directory

(6) ls-l: displays the contents of the current directory as a list

(7) ls-l-h: displays the total capacity of files in the current directory

(8) ls xboxes: displays files that begin with x in the current directory (such as ls 2 *, so that only files starting with 2 will be displayed)

(9) clear: clear the contents of the current terminal screen (simply clear the screen)

(10) pwd: view the current path

(11) cd xxxx: enter a xxx directory

(12) cd.. (two dots): return to the previous directory

(13) cd.. Return to the first two levels of the current directory, note that four are not written directly here. Instead, it needs to be segmented by using "/"

(14) cd-(minus sign): quickly return to the directory of the last path you entered

(15) cd ~ (wavy line): return to the current user's directory

(16) touch xxx: create a xxx file

(17) touch .xxx: create a hidden file (note: there is a dot before the file name, which is different from the one above)

(18) mkdir xxxx: create a xxx folder

(19) rm xxx: delete xxx files or folders rm xxx-r: delete folders and files, regardless of whether the folder has content or not, the previous rm command must ensure that there is no content to delete rmdir xxx: delete folders (only folders can be deleted)

(20) xxx-- help: view the documentation for using the xxx command

(21) man xxx: view the documentation for using the xxx command

(22) gedit xxx: open and edit xxx files (such as gedit 123.txt)

(23) cat xxx: directly display the contents of the xxx file in the terminal (such as cat 123.txt, directly display the contents of the txt at one time)

(24) more xxx: display the contents of the xxx file, but not one time, this is the difference with the cat command, generally used in the display of large files. (the space can turn the page down.)

(25) history: displays the contents of historical commands that have been operated before, and when commands are displayed, you can also use commands! Number, so that you can directly execute the contents of the command in the corresponding display

(26) ls > xxx.txt: redirect, which is equivalent to displaying the content of ls to the xxx.txt file, which is the content displayed by the terminal itself (will put the previous xxx. Empty the contents of the txt file before adding the current new content)

(27) ls > > xxx.txt: redirect, which differs from the above in that the new content is appended to the file (the previous xxx is not emptied. The contents of the txt file).

(28) tree: displays all files and folders in the current directory as a tree

(29) mkdir A/B/C/D/E-p: this similar command is mainly used to create, for example, you want to create a folder in a folder under a folder, but the previous one has not been created. If it is troublesome to create one by one, by adding a-p, the folders that do not exist will be created by default. You can compare the results with-p and without-p.

(30) mv xxx1 xxx2: rename, where the first parameter xxx1 is the file or folder to be renamed, and the second parameter xxx2 is the name to be modified. If xxx2 is the content of the current directory, the xxx1 content will be cut into xxx2. At this time, the function is equivalent to cutting, otherwise it is the renaming function.

(31) ln-s xxx1 xxx2: a shortcut to create a xxx1 file or folder (that is, a copy, that is, a soft link). When the original file is deleted, this shortcut is also deleted and cannot be used.

Ln xxx1 xxx2: a shortcut to create a xxx1 file or folder (also a copy, but a hard link) that can still be used when the original file is deleted, which is the difference from a soft link

(32) grep "xxx" yyy: search for files containing xxx content in yyy files to achieve the search function.

Grep-n "xxx" yyy: make the number of lines displayed in the content found to meet the requirement

Grep "^ xxx" yyy: find something that must start with xxx (mainly the role of the ^ symbol, which is useful in regular expressions)

Grep "xxx$" yyy: find content that must end in xxx (mainly the function of the ¥symbol, which is useful in regular matching)

(33) cp xxx .txt yyy: copy and paste xxx. When the txt file is in the yyy, you must make sure that the yyy already exists in the current directory. If you need to use the command to change when copying and pasting one folder into another, it is: cp xxx yyy-r

(34) if prompted that there is no permission, you can add sudo.

(35) find xxx-name "yyy": also a search command. Xxx represents the directory to be searched, either current or root,-name means to search by name (or-size, which means to search by file size, and can also search by permission:-perm), and yyy represents the content of the name being searched (if it is searched by size) Fill in the file size here, for example, 2m, 2k, + 2m (greater than 2m),-2m (less than 2m) is fine. If the search is conducted by permission, then fill in the size of the permission)

The above is all the contents of the article "what are the contents of the introduction to Linux system?" Thank you for your reading! Hope to share the content to help you, more related knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.