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2025-01-19 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >
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Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--
相信大家在日常运维工作中如果你用到nginx作为前端反向代理服务器的话,你会对nginx的rewrite又爱又恨,爱它是因为你搞定了它,完成了开发人员的跳转需求后你会觉得很爽,觉得真的很强大,恨它是因为当一些稀奇古怪跳转的需求时候你会没有头绪、百般调试、上网求神拜佛都搞不定的时候真是想死的心都有了,当然网上也有很多nginx rewrite的经典示例,但是我感觉对我的工作都没有太大的帮助
下面是我工作中遇到的一些rewrite示例。提供给大家分享
正则表达式匹配,其中:
* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
1、换域名后导流到新域名
需要将之前用的www.a.com域名的流量全部跳转到www.b.com
实现效果:比如访问 www.a.com/123.html自动跳到www.b.com/123.html
我们用nginx实现
cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
vi mysite
增加rewrite命令
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.a.com;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.b.com/$1 permanent;
}
2、主域名跳转到www域名
比如将主域名xxx.com 跳转到www.xxx.com
cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
vi mysite
#主域名跳转到www域名
server {
listen 80;
server_name xxx.com;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.xxx.com/$1 permanent;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.xxx.com;
#已省略余下通用配置内容
}
3、主目录跳转,子目录不跳转
a.com和www.a.com都跳到www.b.com
www.a.com/123不跳
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.a.us a.us;
#根目录跳转
location / {
rewrite .+ http://www.b.com/ permanent;
}
#非根目录本地执行
location ~* /.+ {
#已省略余下通用配置内容
}
}
4、301跳转设置:
server {
listen 80;
server_name 123.com;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://456.com/$1 permanent;
access_log off;
}
permanent - 返回永久重定向的HTTP状态301
5、302跳转设置:
server {
listen 80;
server_name 123.com;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://456.com/$1 redirect;
access_log off;
}
redirect - 返回临时重定向的HTTP状态302
6、禁止htaccess
location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}
7、禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}
8、禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}
9、禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}
10、禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
11、给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
12、设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
13、文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
"rewrite ^/ https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200309/32/49780.jpg;"显示一张防盗链图片
"access_log off;"不记录访问日志,减轻压力
"expires 3d"所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200309/32/49780.jpg;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
14、只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
15、将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
16、将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
17、文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
18、域名跳转
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
19、多域名转向
server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
}
20、三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
break;
}
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