Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Learning linux is not so difficult, first of all, you must master these basic knowledge, so that you can change from a novice to an old hand, here are a few aspects to teach you linux.

[1] introduction to Linux

[2] vi Editor

(1) three modes:

(2) vi command

[1] introduction to Linux

(1) four important figures

Ken. Thomson B language inventor, invented UNIX system, invented C language

Words

Denis。 Ritchie invented the C language, the father of c prophecy and the father of UNIX

Richard。 GNU Project, the Father of Stallman Free Software

Linus. Torvaz invented linux.

(2) Shortcut

Ctrl + alt + t: open the terminal

Crtl+shift+n opens a directory at the same level as the previous terminal in the new terminal.

Crtl+shift+t opens a directory at the same level as the previous terminal on the same terminal.

Close the terminal: ctrl+shift+q or ctrl+ d

Font adjustment: crtl+shift+ (+) enlarge crtl+ (-) zoom out

(3) embedded system

Embedded system is application-centered, based on computer technology, and its software and hardware can be tailored, so it is suitable for

Function,

A special computer system with strict requirements for reliability, cost, volume and power consumption.

(4) introduction of kernel

Uname-r: view the kernel version of the system. Download the kernel URL: www.kernel.org

3.11.0-26-generic

Kernel version number: major version number. The second edition number. Revision number ubunt version: cat / etc/issue

(5) Linux architecture

Linux kernel-> Shell---- > file system-> utility

Shell is a command line interpreter that enables users to interact with the operating system

(6) linux@ubuntu:~$

Linux: user name, representing the current user

Ubuntu: hostnam

Path: ~: home directory

/: root directory

Permission prompt:

$: represents ordinary user rights, which generally work under this permission

#: represents administrator permissions

Enter administrator privileges: su root and then enter the root password to exit administrator privileges: exit

If you are currently under normal user permissions, exit can exit the terminal command before + sudo: temporarily use administrator (default) permissions to execute the command

(7) how to add shared folders

Virtual machine-- > Settings-- > options-- > shared folder-- > always enable-- > add path-- > determine cp / mnt/hgfs/share/file1.txt.

(8) shutdown and restart command

Shutdown command:

Sudo shutdown-h now shuts down immediately

Shut down after sudo shutdown-h + n n minutes.

Other shutdown commands: halt poweroff init 0

Restart command:

Sudo shutdown-r now restart immediately

Restart after sudo shutdown-r + n n minutes

Other restart commands: sudo reboot now init 6

[2] vi Editor

Vi is the most commonly used text editor in Linux. Embedded system developers should be proficient in using this tool, and vim is its improved version.

Vi + normal file name

If the file exists, open it, if not, create and open it

With the cursor over a function, Shift + k can jump directly into the man manual.

(1) three modes:

Command line mode: mainly used to enter insert mode, copy, paste and other functions, the editor that just opened is command mode

Or press ESC in other modes to enter command mode

Yy (Yank); copy the contents of the line where the cursor is located

[n] yy: copy the contents of n lines from the line of the cursor

Dd (Delete): cut and delete the contents of the line of the cursor [n] dd: cut and delete n lines from the line of the cursor

Content p (Put): paste on the next line of the cursor line

P: paste the previous line of the cursor line

U (Undo): undo ctrl + r restore

[n] x (Expurgate): n characters where the cut cursor is located

Gg: position the cursor to the first line

G: position the cursor to the last line

Insert mode:

I,a,o,s, r,c

A: (append) enter the editing state, insert data from behind the cursor A: add new data from behind the column where the cursor is located I: (Insert) enter the editing state Insert data from the position of the cursor I: insert data in front of the first non-blank character of the cursor column o: add a new line under the line of the cursor and enter input mode O: add a new line on the line of the cursor and enter input mode s: delete the single character where the cursor is located and enter input mode S: delete all characters on the line of the cursor and enter input mode r modify the character of the cursor The character to be corrected after r

R enters the replacement mode, and the new data will overwrite the original data until you press ESC to return to the instruction mode

C $removes all characters from the cursor to the end of the line and enters insert mode C equals c $

C0 deletes all characters from the cursor to the beginning of the line and enters insert mode

Cc deletes the current line and enters insert mode equivalent to S

:! Command continues to work after executing the external command Command in vi after pressing Esc

:! date query current time press esc to switch back to command line mode

Bottom line mode:

Press: or sapce to enter the bottom line mode and press esc to return to the command line mode in command line mode, and esc quickly returns w: (write) to save twice in a row

W file name is saved in another file

R filename: read in the contents of the file specified by filename and insert it into the cursor position

Forced: force save

Q: (quit) exit the unmodified file (this command has no effect if the file has been modified and not saved)

Qquit: force exit without saving modified content

Wq: save and exit as: X

! date: query time

Vsp: split left and right sp up and down

Wqa: save and exit all open files

5pr 8y: copy line 5 to line 8

5pr 8d: cut or delete line 5 to line 8

(2) vi command

Vi cursor command

H: direction key, move the cursor one character to the left, which is equivalent to the key "←"

J: direction key, move the cursor down one character position, equivalent to the key "↓"

K: direction key, move the cursor up one character position, equivalent to the key "↑"

L: direction key, move the cursor one character to the right, which is equivalent to the key "→"

1G: move the cursor to line 1 of the file

G: move the cursor to the last line of the file

: n move the cursor to line N (N TBD)

: set number (or nu) sets the display line number

: set nonumber (or nonu) cancels the display of line numbers

Vi lookup command

/ string: you can find a string

Support regular expressions such as / ^ the (find a line with a blank character starting with the)

/ end$ (find the line ending with end)

N continue to find

N reverse to continue searching

Nohl Unhighlight

Vi replace command

String replacement can be realized by using the s command.

: s/str1 (old string) / str2 (new replaces the first str1 in the current line ('/ 'left slash)

String)

: s/str1/str2/g replaces all str1 in the current line g: means to replace all

:., $s/str1/str2/g replaces from the current line to the next line (.: represents the current line $: represents the last

All right)

N1MagneN2spercussion str1Uniplex g replace from line N1 to line N2

: 1 replacements from the first line to the last line (full text replacement)

:% s/str1/str2/g replace from the first line to the next line (full-text replacement)

Vi copy and cut command

Y0: copy the character from the cursor to the beginning of the line into the clipboard

Copy: copy the character from the cursor to the end of the line into the clipboard

D0: cut the character from the cursor to the beginning of the line into the clipboard

Cut characters from the cursor to the end of the line into the clipboard

N1PowerN2y: block copy (from N1 to N2)

N1 recording: block clipping (from N1 to $)

Create a c program file vi filename. C gcc compiled into a binary executable file a.out

. / a.out execution

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