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The content of this article mainly focuses on how to analyze the type system of Go language. The content of the article is clear and clear. It is very suitable for beginners to learn and is worth reading. Interested friends can follow the editor to read together. I hope you can get something through this article!

For the support of object-oriented programming, the implementation of Go language can be said to completely subvert our previous understanding of object-oriented programming. Let's first give you an overall understanding through the introduction of the Go language type system.

The object-oriented programming of Go language is simple and elegant.

The simplicity is that the Go language does not follow many of the concepts of traditional object-oriented programming, such as class inheritance, interface implementation, constructors and destructors, hidden this pointers, etc., and there are no visibility modifiers such as public, protected, private, and so on.

The elegance is that Go's support for object-oriented programming is a natural part of the language type system, which is integrated through interfaces.

There are few programming books on the topic of type system. In fact, type system is the foundation of a programming language, and its position is very important. Therefore, here we will introduce the object-oriented programming features of the Go language from the type system.

As the name implies, a type system refers to the type architecture of a language. A typical type system usually contains the following basics:

Basic types, such as byte, int, bool, float, string, etc.

Compound types, such as arrays, slices, dictionaries, structures, pointers, etc.

Can point to the type of any object (Any type)

Value semantics and reference semantics

Object-oriented, that is, all types with object-oriented features (such as member methods)

Interface.

The type system describes how this content is associated in a language. Since the Java language has been called the purest object-oriented language since its birth, let's take the Java language as an example to talk about the type system.

In the Java language, there are two completely independent type systems: one is the value type system, mainly the basic types, such as byte, int, boolean, char, double, etc., these types are based on the value semantics; the other is the object type system based on the Object type, which can define member variables and member methods, can have virtual functions, based on reference semantics, and can only be created on the heap (by using the keyword new). The Any type in the Java language is the root of the whole object type system-the java.lang.Object type. Only the instance in the object type system can be referenced by the Any type. If a value type wants to be referenced by an Any type, it needs to be boxing. For example, an int type needs to be boxed into an Integer type. In addition, only types in the object type system can implement the interface by having the type inherit from the interface to be implemented.

By contrast, most types in the Go language are value semantics and can contain corresponding operations. You can add new methods to any type (including built-in types) when needed. When implementing an interface, there is no need to inherit from the interface (in fact, the Go language does not support inheritance and implementation syntax in the object-oriented idea at all), you only need to implement all the methods required by the interface. Any type can be referenced by the Any type. In the Go language, the Any type is an empty interface, interface {}.

Note: the value semantics and reference semantics here are equivalent to the value types and reference types mentioned in the previous introduction to types.

What is go?

Golang is a compiled language that compiles code into machine code, and the compiled binaries can be deployed directly to the target machine without additional dependencies, so golang outperforms other interpretative languages and can use goroutine to achieve concurrency in golang. It provides a very elegant goroutine scheduler system that can easily generate millions of goroutine.

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