Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Network addressing

Function: to uniquely locate a device

IP addressing

IP addressing is a two-tier addressing scheme in which an IP address identifies a host (a network card interface to be exact).

Now the most widely used is IPV4 addressing, which has gradually started to switch to IPV6 addressing.

The IPV4 address is 32 bits, and the IPV6 address is 128 bits long

An IPV4 address is divided into two parts: the network part and the host part (the image metaphor is the address and name on our * *). The network part is used to identify the area to which the host belongs, and the host part is used to identify which host in the area (the length of the network part and the host part is not fixed, and the length is determined by the subnet mask).

IP address

IPv4 addresses have a total of 32 bits, usually expressed in dotted decimal

The entire IP address is divided into four parts, each with 8 bits

For example: 192. 168. 1. one

1100000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

Subnet mask

The 32bit of IPv4 address is divided into network part and host part.

We use the subnet mask to determine the number of bits in the network.

The subnet mask, like the IP address, has a 32bit, and each bit corresponds to each bit in the IP address.

The 1 part of the corresponding subnet mask in the IP address is the network part.

For example: 192. 168. 1. one

1100000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

Subnet mask: 255. 255. 255. 0

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Prove that the first 24 bits of this IP address (192.168.1.0 IP 24, of which 24 are the same) are part of the network, that is, the first 24 bits of the IP address of other hosts on the same network as this IP address, to prove that they are on the same network.

Communication between hosts on the same network

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), the address resolution protocol, is a TCP/IP protocol that obtains physical addresses based on IP addresses.

Communication between different networks

Communication between different networks should be realized through gateways.

Routin

Access to the Internet to access the communication between different servers

Domain names are needed to access different servers through the Internet.

domain name

Because IP addresses are often difficult to remember, we usually use domain names for management.

The domain name is divided into three parts, using "." Segmentation, domain name is case-insensitive

Www.baidu.com

Hostname domain name type

DNS

Each domain name represents an IP, and the DNS service is used to resolve domain names to IP addresses.

Http://xiaohailuo.blog.51cto.com 192.168.222.101

DNS service is provided by DNS server

Summary of communication modes between computers

1. To configure a computer that communicates in a local area network

-IP address

-Subnet mask

2. To configure a computer that communicates across network segments

-IP address

-Subnet mask

-Gateway

3. Configure a computer that can access the Internet.

-IP address

-Subnet mask

-Gateway

-DNS

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