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This article mainly introduces what the current database has, has a certain reference value, friends who need can refer to it. I hope you will learn a lot after reading this article. Next, let the editor take you to learn about it.

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. Data is organized into rows, columns, and tables, and indexed to make it easier to find relevant information. When new information is added, the data is updated, expanded, and deleted. Databases process workloads to create and update themselves, query the data they contain, and run applications based on that data.

Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventory, and customer profiles.

Typically, the database manager provides users with the ability to control read and write access, specify report generation, and analyze usage. Some databases provide ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and persistence) compliance to ensure data consistency and transaction integrity.

Databases are ubiquitous in mainframe systems, but they also exist in smaller distributed workstations and mid-range systems, such as IBM's as / 400and personal computers.

The evolution of database

Databases began to develop in the 1960s, from hierarchical databases and web databases, to object-oriented databases in the 1980s, to today's SQL and NoSQL databases and cloud databases.

One view is that databases can be classified by content type: bibliography, full text, numbers and images. In calculation, databases are sometimes classified according to their organization. There are many different types of databases, from the most popular method relational database to distributed database, cloud database, or NoSQL database.

Relational database

The relational database was invented by E.F. Codd of IBM in 1970. It is a tabular database in which data is defined, so it can be reorganized and accessed in many different ways.

A relational database consists of a set of tables in which the data belongs to predefined categories. Each table has at least one data category in a column, and each row has a specific data instance for the category defined in the column.

Structured query language (SQL) is a standard user and application interface for relational databases. Relational databases are easy to extend, and new data categories can be added after the original database is created without having to modify all existing applications.

Distributed database

A distributed database is a database in which some databases are stored in multiple physical locations and deal with dispersion or replication between different points in the network.

Distributed databases can be isomorphic or heterogeneous. All physical locations in a homogeneous distributed database system have the same underlying hardware and run the same operating system and database applications. Hardware, operating systems, or database applications in heterogeneous distributed databases may be different from location to location.

Cloud database

A cloud database is a database that is optimized or built for virtualized environments (hybrid, public, or private). Cloud databases provide some benefits, such as the ability to pay for storage capacity and bandwidth per use, as well as scalability and high availability as needed.

Cloud databases also provide enterprises with the opportunity to support business applications in software-as-a-service deployment.

NoSQL database

NoSQL databases are useful for large distributed datasets.

NoSQL database is very effective for big data's performance problems that can't be solved by relational database. They are most effective when organizations have to analyze large amounts of unstructured data or data stored on multiple virtual servers in the cloud.

Object-oriented database

Items created using object-oriented programming languages are usually stored in relational databases, but object-oriented databases are well suited for these items.

Object-oriented databases are organized around objects (not operations) and data (not logic). For example, multimedia records in a relational database can be definable data objects rather than alphanumeric values.

Graphic database

The graph-oriented database is a kind of NoSQL database, which uses graph theory to store, map and query relationships. A graph database is basically a collection of nodes and edges, where each node represents an entity and each edge represents the connection between nodes.

Graphical databases are becoming more and more popular in analyzing interconnections. For example, companies can use graphical databases to mine data about customers from social media.

Access to the database: DBMS and RDBMS

A database management system (DBMS) is software that allows you to define, manipulate, retrieve, and manage data stored in a database.

Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a kind of database management software based on relational model developed in 1970s, and it is still the most popular database management method at present.

Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle database, IBM DB2, and MySQL are the most commonly used RDBMS products for enterprise users. DBMS technology began in the 1960s, supporting hierarchical databases, including IBM's information management system and CA's integrated database management system. A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database management software that was developed in the 1970s. Based on the relational model, it is still the most common way to manage databases.

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