Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

The next step in the development of wireless WAN-5G network. It will complete the evolution of cellular networks from wired enhancement to wired replacement and strategically move from mobile-first to mobile-only. So it's not too late to start the most basic planning to understand how 5G will adapt to businesses of all sizes, industries and missions and benefit their IT initiatives.

5G will naturally provide end-users with additional throughput, capacity and other elements to address the continued and significant growth in geographic availability, subscriber base, user equipment range, capacity needs and application requirements, but will also enable service providers to benefit from new opportunities in overall strategy, service and expanded market presence.

This article explores the technology and market drivers behind 5G, focusing on what 5G means for enterprise and organizational IT.

While 5G is still an imprecise term today, the key goals for the required progress have become clear. These are as follows:

5G speeds

As in the case of Wi-Fi, the major advances in cellular networks are first defined by new upper throughput quantities. The magic number for 5G here is actually 1Gbps, with some mentioning numbers as high as 10Gbps. However, as with Wi-Fi, it is important to consider overall individual battery and system-wide capacity. Therefore, we believe that throughput of 50 Mbps per user is more reasonable, achieving peak throughput of up to 300 Mbps in some deployments over the next five years. The possibility of achieving higher throughput is beyond our plans, but it is possible.

reduce latency

Perhaps more important than throughput, however, is reducing the round-trip time per packet. Reducing latency is important for speech. In the implementation of 5G, voice, video and in terms of improving overall capacity are almost certainly all IP. The radio latency target for 5G is less than 10 milliseconds and could reach 1 millisecond in some defined service classes.

5G Network Management and OSS

Operators are always looking for ways to reduce overhead and operating costs, so enhancements to systems management and operations support systems (OSS) are expected. They improve reliability, availability, maintainability, resiliency, consistency, analytics, and operational efficiency. However, in most cases, these advantages are transparent to the end user.

Mobility and 5G technology

Support for high-speed user mobility, up to hundreds of kilometers per hour, thus serving users of all modes of transportation. However, regulatory and situation-related restrictions-particularly on aircraft-will still apply.

improve security

Since security is still an aspect of IT, encryption, authentication, and privacy need to be enhanced. It's not surprising to see identity management (IDM) solutions aligned with those offered by a handful of operators in many enterprises today. Current IDM vendors may be more interested in extending their capabilities to 5G services purchased by enterprises.

5G spectrum

It is expected that in the so-called millimeter wave band above 30GHz, service will be provided in at least some 5G deployments. Licensed and unlicensed spectrum of this frequency is available in many parts of the world. Millimeter wave frequencies are generally suitable for small units because they require smaller or less prominent antennas and because the inherent signal directivity can multiply spectral efficiency.

The core disadvantages of millimeter waves are poor applicability to conventional larger cells (e.g. buildings), poor penetration, but this is also advantageous in terms of frequency reuse. In any case, considering reasonable throughput and capacity targets for 5G development and deployment, more spectrum is needed-even if smaller spectrum blocks can be aggregated, existing spectrum allocations are insufficient.

Enabling new technologies

We expect to see higher order MIMO implementations, sometimes described as "large-scale" implementations, such as 16-64 streams, more aggressive modulation and channel coding, higher power utilization efficiency, and related advances. Current trends working in networks, including SDN and NFV, will also find application in 5G, with much infrastructure being implemented in cloud-based services.

5G may not require major advances in chip or manufacturing technology, and device power consumption may benefit from a more limited geographic range, where even higher clock rates cause little loss. Despite this, there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of technical and feasibility analysis as well as costs, but we do not see any obstacles. There is no danger of creating another WiMAX offering marketing hype, no obvious advantage, and the overall technical risk level is low. Perhaps the biggest challenge is schedule delays, as the complexity of the systems engineering required requires more time than many expect.

5G and IoT

5G, as a wired alternative, must support all types of traffic and all possible devices, from broadcast-quality video distribution to telemetry, implantable medical devices, augmented and virtual reality, and advanced interaction and graphics-not just gaming. The list also includes connected and autonomous vehicles, drones, public safety, building and municipal automation/monitoring/control, and disaster relief. Includes a relocatable infrastructure with mobile units and supports dynamic wireless mesh partitioning. In addition, robots and IoT devices can tolerate limited data throughput and highly variable latency. We expect 5G deployments to reach tens of billions of units over the next decade or so, so the scale of the challenge and demand is obvious.

industry growth

Finally, operators, operators and equipment providers of infrastructure and user equipment need only deploy new technologies with quantifiable end-user visible benefits from time to time in order to continue to grow their businesses. New subscriber units alone cannot achieve this goal.

In short, 5G is a business opportunity designed and implemented to deliver all of the communication capabilities and performance we expect from wired networks. Given all of the above requirements, achieving this is not easy, fast or cheap.

5 g standard

3G was the last standard to have a formal definition, in this case from ITU, and specified throughput of up to 2Mbps. The definition of 4G has never been formalized, and there has even been a legal battle, with the general consensus that LTE and LTE-Advanced, as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), are appropriate minimum standards. 3GPP is an industry standards organization composed of major organizations and associations that enjoy wide support and respect worldwide. Since 3G, this group has been the dominant factor defining the mobile phone industry itself and driving other key advances in cellular deployment, including all-IP core, LTE, LTE-Advanced, and more.

Given their overall leadership, we expect 3GPP to define 5G from a marketing and operational perspective, by the time Release 16 emerges, probably in the second half of 2019. ITU is also working hard here through its IMT-2020 programme within ITU-R and expects their work to be completed by 2020. Strangely, ETSI is also active in 5G, and another group that plays a major role in the debate is the Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) Alliance, an operator trade association similar to the Wi-Fi Alliance. Their 5G white paper is probably the most complete vision and working definition of 5G released to date. In any event, it is clear that some coordination of efforts of this kind is needed.

5G and LTE

As 4G is finally defined by radio technology, 5G may end up the same way. The next generation of technology here starts with LTE-Advanced Pro, which some call 4.5G, and was originally detailed in 3GPP Release 13. Further enhancements to LTE Advanced Pro are likely to be released in Release 15, which many currently call NR (new radio). But in reality, especially from a marketing perspective, the line between 4G and 5G has been rather blurred.

Both organizational IT managers and end users will quickly notice that marketing for "Gigabit LTE" has begun. While this advance isn't strictly 5G, it's bringing it to market due to gigabit. While we do expect that some end users may occasionally experience throughput higher than 100Mbps, Gigabit LTE does not provide the capacity required to meet expectations for regular service at this level. Ultimately, though, the fate of these services depends on each operator's deployment plans.

Advanced wide area radio is not the only possibility; one of the features included in NR is interworking with Wi-Fi. However, we might suggest that modern Wi-Fi-802.11ac and 60GHz 802.11ad are already 5G technologies with very high throughput, small cell size, and all other essential 5G attributes besides OSS and licensed frequency operation. Hard handoffs between wide-area 5G technology and Wi-Fi could become a key 5G deployment strategy in the future, especially to increase indoor coverage and capacity. We may also suggest that providing deterministic associations (rather than allowing client devices to decide which AP to associate with, when to roam, etc.) may be a valuable area for Wi-Fi community efforts.

Obstacles to 5G

Although the success of 5G is almost certain in the market, there are still many problems. Perhaps the most important of these is the availability of spectrum sufficient to ensure that 5G's broadband promise is met. As we mentioned above, we expect that a large portion of the 5G spectrum, and globally, will be in the millimeter wave band above 30 GHz, almost certainly including the spectrum in the 60GHz and 70-80GHz bands and even higher. However, how many specific frequencies are available is a matter of government regulation and varies from country to country.

In addition, it is an open question how much of the spectrum currently allocated could be re-farmed or reallocated to coexist with existing production systems. Considering the huge amount of money involved, the further application of spectrum auctions is also a concern for 5G business model developers. Finally, this form of collision is already occurring in unlicensed bands between LTE and Wi-Fi, and effective solutions are needed anyway.

Other potential problems include:

Backhaul-The interconnection capacity between units of any form, as well as to the rest of the carrier network and to the interconnection network itself, must be commensurate with the capacity allocated to users to avoid bottlenecks. As a result, backhaul capacity has increased significantly, and we expect millimeter bands to see major utilization here as well.

Coexistence and evolution- 3G, 4G and 5G require coexistence for a period of time, which increases the complexity of operator networks and end-user equipment. The elimination of previous generations is critical to improving spectral efficiency, so operators need to carefully plan and phase out and upgrade.

Other regulatory policies-In addition to spectrum regulation, other regulatory policies in areas such as net neutrality, taxation of communications services, universal service, and overall national broadband policy also need to be revisited, and possibly all of them.

Pricing-Finally, we don't know yet what form the pricing model for 5G might take. While voice, messaging and similar narrowband services may remain flat, pricing for IP services above 50Mbps remains unknown. Just as we saw the Infinite Data Project disappear only to reappear a few years later, the likelihood of such fluctuations (likelihood?) Yes should be part of future organizational planning, including service plans chosen under BYOD policies.

5G availability

It's worth noting that 5G activity continues to build and even some field trials are underway, at least nominally. While these trials are sometimes marketed under this name, they are not truly early deployments because the underlying standards, let alone the required hardware and software, do not yet exist. We don't expect 5G to be universally available until the 2020/2021 timeframe, and critical mass is a term we use to describe reliable availability in major population centers rather than occurring before 2025. And, don't worry; while 3G service should start fading around 2025, 4G availability should be at least until 2030. As a result, enterprises have plenty of time to plan and complete the 5G transition, although we expect mobile device vendors and operators to likely provide incentives for faster market entry.

You can expect a timeline for 5G wireless.

Given the ubiquity of BYOD initiatives and the fact that they will continue to be the dominant model for enterprise mobile device provisioning, most enterprise IT departments will ultimately need to devote minimal effort to the day-to-day management of end-user evolution to 5G.

But businesses should start thinking about what 5G means for their own internal operations. Just as 802.11ac broke the gigabit barrier and eliminated the need for all but a few end users to connect, 5G could represent the ultimate cut for everyone. 5G is about replacement, not expansion. And since we expect 5G to include current Wi-Fi, the advent of 5G will have little impact on organizational investment in in-building networks. We do expect at least a handful of operators and carriers to enter the managed services business, however, offering one-stop shopping for WLAN and WWAN and even some value-added services. At least for the foreseeable future, high-capacity wired backhaul and interconnect links will also not be affected by 5G.

As for the rest of IT projects, including cloud, virtualization, etc., 5G should be transparent, just another one that also happens to be mobile quick links. 5G, to repeat our initial argument above, is evolutionary, not revolutionary.

This brings us to the final question: Will 6G exist? We question whether this is necessary. 5G itself will evolve over time, transparently incorporating cutting-edge innovations such as MIMO to continue to meet the growing demand for wireless connectivity. So for now, anyway, we can conclude that all of us-vendors, carriers and carriers, IT departments, and even end-users-are well past the wireless experience curve for the transition to 5G, despite the overall capability of perhaps the smoothest cellular upgrade ever.

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