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This article mainly explains "how to use requests to build API", the content of the article is simple and clear, easy to learn and understand, now please follow the editor's ideas slowly in depth, together to study and learn "how to use requests to build API" bar!

Train of thought analysis

The process of sending a private message is that the browser sends a HTTP request to the server, and the request message includes the request URL, the request header Header, and the request body Body. As long as the information is clear, it is easy to use requests to simulate the browser to send a private message.

Open the Chrome browser, find any user, click to send a private message, and track the network request process of the private message.

Take a look at the request header information first.

There is cookies login information in the request header Header, as well as an authorization field, which is used for user authentication, and this field is also stored in cookies (I used a mosaic to prevent the disclosure of cookie information), which must be carried when requests requests.

Let's take a look at the URL and body of the request.

Request URL is https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/messages, request method is POST, request body

{"type": "common", "content": "Hello, I'm pythoner", "receiver_hash": "1da75b85900e00adb072e91c56fd9149"}

The request body is a json string, type and content are easy to understand, but what receiver_hash is is not known and needs to be further determined, but you should guess that this is a field similar to the user id.

So now the question is, how to find the user's id through the URL of the user's home page? In order to fully simulate the whole process of private messages, I specially registered a Zhihu secondary account.

If you don't have an extra mobile phone number on hand, you can use Google to search for "receive sms online". There are many mobile phone numbers on the Internet that provide free online text messages. My registered alt home page: https://www.zhihu.com/people/xiaoxiaodouzi

First try to follow the secondary account, then find the secondary account in the list I follow, and when I move the mouse over the profile picture of the secondary account, I find a HTTP network request.

The request url is https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/xiaoxiaodouzi, and the latter part of the URL "xiaoxiaodouzi" corresponds to the latter part of the trumpet home page URL, which we call url_token.

The data returned by the interface is the user's personal public information.

{... "id": "1da75b85900e00adb072e91c56fd9149", "favorite_count": 0, "voteup_count": 0, "commercial_question_count": 0, "url_token": "xiaoxiaodouzi", "type": "people", "avatar_url": "https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-ca13758626bd7367febde704c66249ec_is.jpg"," is_active ": 1492224390," name ":" u6211\ u662f\ u5c0f\ u53f7 " "url": "http://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/people/1da75b85900e00adb072e91c56fd9149"," gender ":-1...}

We can clearly see that there is an id field, as we guessed before, the receiver_hash field in the private message is the user's id.

Code implementation

At this point, we have sorted out the idea of the private message function, and the code implementation is a natural thing.

User information

In order to get the receiver_hash dictionary required by the private message interface, we first need to get the user information, which contains the id value used.

@ need_logindef user (self, url_token): "get user information : param url_token: url_token is the later part of the user's home page url for example: https://www.zhihu.com/people/xiaoxiaodouzi url_token is xiaoxiaodouzi: return:dict "" response = self._session.get (URL.profile (url_token)) return response.json () send a private message @ need_logindef send_message (self, user_id) Content): "" send a private message to the specified user: param user_id: user ID: param content: private message content "" data = {"type": "common", "content": content, "receiver_hash": user_id} response = self._session.post (URL.message ()) Json=data) data = response.json () if data.get ("error"): self.logger.info ("private message failed,% s"% data.get ("error") .get ("message") else: self.logger.info ("sent successfully") return data

The above two methods are placed in a class called Zhihu. I only list the key code. The @ need_login involved is a user authentication decorator, indicating that the method needs to be logged in before it can operate. If you are careful, you may find that I did not specify the Header field in each request because I initialized it in the _ _ init__.py method.

Def _ init__ (self):

Self._session = requests.session ()

Self._session.verify = False

Self._session.headers = {"Host": "www.zhihu.com"

"Referer": "https://www.zhihu.com/","

'User-Agent':' Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10 / 10 / 5) AppleWebKit/537.36'

'(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87'

}

Self._session.cookies = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar (filename=cookie_filename)

Try:

Self._session.cookies.load (ignore_discard=True)

Except:

Pass call executes from zhihu import Zhihuif _ _ name__ = ='_ main__': zhihu = Zhihu () profile = zhihu.user ("xiaoxiaodouzi") _ id = profile.get ("id") zhihu.send_message (_ id, "Hello, this is a greeting from the Zen of Python")

After the completion of the execution, the secondary account successfully received the private message I sent.

Thank you for your reading, the above is the content of "how to use requests to build API", after the study of this article, I believe you have a deeper understanding of how to use requests to build API, and the specific use needs to be verified in practice. Here is, the editor will push for you more related knowledge points of the article, welcome to follow!

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