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What is the operating system

System software above hardware and below application software

2.1. Its function:

1. Manage all kinds of resources in the system

2. Provide users with a friendly interface experience

Users manage the hardware by using software to operate the operating system.

2.2. Common operating systems:

Windows series: windows XP, windows 7, windows 8, windows 10

UNIX series: FreeBSD, AIX of Sun Solaris IBM, HP Unix of HP

Linux series: Red Hat (RHEL), Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, centos

2.3, operating system composition

All kinds of software in the system

Shell command interpreter

The kernel of the system

II. Linux system

2.1.What is Linux

Linux is a set of Unix-like operating system software that is open source program and can spread freely.

2.2.The development process of Linux

Unix was born in Bell Labs in 1969.

It is forbidden to open source code to students.

Tan Ningbang Minix developer = "mini unix

The system is mainly used in teaching.

Stallman, I'm going to build a completely free and free operating system to develop an alternative to unix.

2.3By GNU and GPL

GNU is a project done by Stallman, which means GNU=GNU is not unix.

It includes: gawk,bash,gcc,emacs

GPL (Public General license)

1) everyone can spread freely and modify the software at will

2) if you modify other people's software, you must send out what you have changed.

III. The composition of Linux system

3.1the composition of Linux system

Linux operating system consists of Linux kernel and various peripheral programs.

Linux kernel is a special software program, which is used to realize core operations such as CPU and memory allocation, process scheduling, device driver and so on.

3.2.Kernel version of Linux

The Linux kernel adopts the version control mode of the coexistence of stable version and development version.

The version number is named in the format x.yy.zz

Description: X, the number of the major version.

Used to represent major upgrades to kernel structure, functions, etc.

Yy, the minor version number.

Used to indicate whether the kernel version is a development version or a stable version.

Use odd numbers to represent the development version

Use an even number to represent a stable version

Zz, revision number.

Used to indicate continuous revisions and upgrades to the same kernel minor version, usually only

Is to make minor changes to the kernel.

Summary:

Linux operating system = Linux kernel + GNU software and system software + necessary applications.

IV. The release version of Linux

4.1, server operating system

In both Redhat and CentOS

Redhat is preferred, but its service costs a fee.

CentOS is exactly the same as Redhat, open source and free.

4.2.The difference between redhat and centos system

1.redhat is now free to download updates and install software to provide service help.

2.CentOS is exactly like redhat.

1) remove the charged items and logo in redhat

2) develop software with the same function

The relationship between fedora, centos and redhat

Fedora is a new feature of the software that redhat wants to test.

Add it to Redhat when it is stable and available to users.

Then centos removes the copyright trademark and payment information from Redhat and updates the version.

4.4 Common distributions

Desktop system: Ubuntu

Server: Redhat (free to download and use, expensive to update), Centos (like Redhat, there are fee items without Redhat logo)

New technology, function: Fedora

High security (less used): debian

Domestic: red Flag Linux, Kirin Linux

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