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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what databases are there under linux". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma. Then let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

The databases under linux are: 1, Oracle;2, MySQL;3, MariaDB;4, SQL Server;5, Memcached, "Key-Value" database; 6, Redis, "Key-Value" database; 7, MongoDB, etc.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 system, Dell G3 computer.

What is a database?

A database is a warehouse for storing computer data, which organizes and stores data according to a certain data structure (data structure refers to the organizational form of data or the relationship between data). The data can be managed through a variety of methods provided by the database.

Common Relational Database under linux

1. Oracle database

Oracle, formerly known as SDL, was founded by Larry Ellison and two other programmers in 1977. They developed their own blockbuster products and sold them in large quantities. In 1979, Oracle introduced the first commercial SQL relational database management system. Oracle is one of the earliest manufacturers to develop relational databases, and its products support the most extensive operating system platforms. At present, the market share of Oracle relational database products is among the best.

Oracle (Oracle) is currently the largest database software company in the world, and it is also a software provider and service provider with rapid business growth in recent years.

Main applications: traditional large enterprises, large companies, government, finance, securities and so on.

2. MySQL database

MySQL database is a small and medium-sized relational database management system, and the software developer is MySQL AB Company of Sweden. It was acquired by Sun on January 16, 2008, and then Sun was acquired by Oracle. At present, MySQL is widely used in large and medium-sized websites on Internet because of its small size, high speed and low total cost of ownership, especially open source, many large and medium-sized websites choose MySQL as the website database in order to reduce the total cost of ownership, and even the well-known Taobao website chooses to abandon Oracle and replace it with a more open MySQL.

MySQL database is mainly used in the field of Internet, large and medium-sized websites, game companies, e-commerce platforms and so on.

3. MariaDB database

The MariaDB database management system is a branch of the MySQL database and is mainly maintained by the open source community. One of the possible reasons for developing this MariaDB database branch is that after Oracle acquired MySQL, there is a potential risk of shutting down MySQL, so the MySQL open source community uses branching to avoid this risk. The purpose of developing MariaDB database is to be fully compatible with MySQL database, including API and command line, so that it can easily become a substitute for MySQL. In terms of storage engine, use XtraDB (English: XtraDB) instead of MySQL's InnoDB

MariaDB was developed by Michael Widenius (English: Michael Widenius), the founder of MySQL, who earlier sold his company, MySQL AB, to SUN for $1 billion, and then, as SUN was bought by Oracle, the ownership of MySQL fell to Oracle. The MariaDB database is named after Maria, the daughter of MySQL's founder Michael Widenius.

4. SQL Server database

Microsoft SQL Server is a large relational database system developed by Microsoft. In 1987, Microsoft and IBM worked together to develop OS/2. IBM bundled OS/2 DatabaseManager in its OS/2 ExtendedEdition system, but there was still a lack of database products in the micro-soft product line. For this reason, Microsoft turned its attention to Sybase and signed a cooperation agreement with Sybase to develop relational databases based on OS/2 platform with Sybase technology. In 1989, Microsoft released the SQLServer1.0 version. SQL Server has comprehensive functions and high efficiency, so it can be used as a database platform for medium-sized enterprises or units. SQL Server can be tightly integrated into the Windows operating system, which can be greatly improved in terms of application development speed and system transaction processing speed. The disadvantage of SQL Server is that it can only run under the Windows system.

Main application scope: some enterprise e-commerce (CCTV shopping), enterprises using windows server platform.

Common non-relational database management system under linux

1. Memcached (Key-Value)

Memcached is an open source, high-performance caching system with distributed memory objects. Through it, you can reduce the database load and accelerate dynamic Web applications. The original version was developed by Brad Fitzpatrick of LiveJoumal in 2003. At present, a lot of users around the world are using it to build their own heavy-load websites or to improve the response speed of their high-access websites. Note: Memcache is the name of the project, and Memcached is the main program file name on the server side.

Caching is generally used to store frequently accessed objects or data (for example, browsers cache frequently visited web pages). Accessing objects or data through caching is much faster than accessing data on disk. The former is memory, followed by the disk. Memcached is a pure memory cache system, which caches frequently accessed objects or data in the memory of Memcached. The cached data is accessed by the program through API, and the data in Memcached is like a huge HASH.

Table, data exists in the form of Key-Value pairs. By caching objects or data that are often accessed, Memcached reduces the pressure of reading the database frequently and improves the response speed of the website.

Official: http://Memcached.org/

Because Memcached is memory-only caching software, all data will be lost once rebooted, so Sina has developed an open source project MemcacheDB based on Memcached. By adding persistent storage mechanism and asynchronous primary and secondary replication mechanism of Berkeley DB for Memcached, Memcached has the ability of transaction recovery, persistent data storage and distributed replication, but it has been gradually replaced by other persistence products such as Redis in recent years.

2. Redis (Key-Value)

Redis is a Key-Value type storage system. However, Redis supports relatively more storage value types, including string (string), list (linked list), set (collection), zset (ordered collection), and so on. These data types support push/pop, add/remove, and rendezvous, union and subtraction, and richer operations, all of which are atomic. On this basis, Redis supports a variety of different sorting methods. Like Memcached, Redis data is cached in memory to ensure efficiency. The difference is that Redis will periodically write updated data to disk or modify operations to additional record files, and on this basis to achieve Master-Slave (master-slave) synchronization.

Redis is a high-performance Key-Value database. The emergence of Redis makes up for the deficiency of Key-Value storage such as Memcached to a great extent, and can be a good supplement to relational databases on some occasions. It provides a PythonRuby,Erlang,PHP client and is easy to use.

Official: http://www.Redis.io/documentation

Redis features:

3. MongoDB (Document-Web)

MongoDB is a product between relational database and non-relational database, which is the most functional and most like relational database in non-relational database. The data structure he supports is very loose, similar to Json's Bjson format, so you can store more complex data types. The most important feature of MongoDB is that it supports the query language is very powerful, its syntax is somewhat similar to the object-oriented query language, can almost achieve most of the functions similar to the relational database single table query, but also supports the establishment of data indexing. It is characterized by high performance, easy to deploy, easy to use, and it is very convenient to store data.

The MongoDB server can run on Linux, Windows or OS X platforms and supports 32-bit and 64-bit applications. The default port is 27017. It is recommended to run on 64-bit platform.

McmgoDB stores data in a file (the default path is: / data/db).

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