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Linux command

the execution of instruction or program commands for implement a certain class of functions depends on that interpreter

Command classification Internal commands: part of shell interpreter External commands: program files independent of shell interpreter

basic usage

Format:

Command word [option]... [Parameters]...

Options to regulate how commands are executed

Short options: -l, -A, -c, -d,... Long options: --color, --auther, --sort,... Compound options (i.e. multiple short options): -lh, -lA, -ld,...

parameter, the object of a command, such as a directory or file

directory structure

/ Root partition, the starting point of the Linux file system

/bin Normal users use commands

/sbin Administrator uses command

/home Home Directory for Regular Users

/root Administrator's Home Directory

/boot Linux boot files directory (kernel, grub)

/dev Device files, keyboard mouse

/proc Virtual file system (computer memory information, CPU...) No real hard disk space

The meaning of file color under Linux

Blue---> Contents

Green---> Executable

Red---> Compressed files

Light Blue--> Link Files

White---> Other documents

Black---> Text files

Function shortcut keys

ESC + . Alt + . Ctrl + w: Delete a word backwards Ctrl + u: Clear to the beginning of the line Ctrl + k: Clear to the end of the line Ctrl + l: Clear the entire screen Ctrl + c: Discard the currently edited command line

1、uname

Meaning: View system architecture and kernel information

Common command options

-a: Display all information such as host name/kernel/hardware platform

-r: Show only kernel version

2、hostname

Meaning: View the full name of the host (including host name, domain name)

3、ifconfig

Meaning: Check the local IP address (the address displayed on the first NIC is the local IP address)

4, shutdown (shutdown command has three ways to express)

shutdown -h nowpoweroffinit 0

shutdown -r nowrebootinit 6

Delayed shutdown or restart

Example://Restart after 15 minutes and prompt the logged in user

Cancel shutdown: Ctrl+c or shutdown -c

5、type

Meaning: See if the command is internal or external.

Common option-t: Displays what name means.

file: Indicates an external command.

alias: Indicates the name that the command is set for the command alias.

builtin: indicates that the command is a built-in command function of bash. - p: The full file name is displayed only if the name followed is an external command. - a: In the path defined by PATH variable, list all the name commands included, including alias.

6、help

Meaning: Get help with commands, see how commands are used. View Help Text for Internal Commands

help command name View usage and description of external commands

Command Name--Help

A manual page documentation mechanism in Linux Most programs/configuration files/library functions have manual pages

Format: man command name

Manual reading tool use operation press ↑, DOWN, PgUp, PgDn key scroll and page press q or Q key exit press? key forward, press/key backward search (n, N toggle)

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