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At present, vector network analyzer is widely used in the field of microwave measurement and requires high accuracy. Modern network analyzer can measure power, S parameters, gain and so on in different frequency range, so it is necessary to correct the error of the instrument itself, including amplitude response correction and phase response correction. Most network analyzers characterize the performance of the original hardware through the calibration process, and the influence of connectors, cables, fixtures and probes can be removed through calibration, thus the measurement results of DUT itself can be obtained. This process can also be called error correction. The method is to determine the system error term of the network analyzer by known standard parts, such as open circuit / short circuit / load. The error modes of different calibration methods are different, and the error items are also different, such as the commonly used SOLT (12 systematic error models).

At present, there are many kinds of microwave components which are widely used, which can be divided into plug-in type and non-plug-in type according to the different forms of joints. Both ends of the plug-in element have the same joint form and the same polarity, while the non-plug-in two ends may have different joint forms and may have the opposite polarity or the same polarity. For example, the SMA female transfer connector is a pluggable device, and for example, the N-SMA adapter can be defined as a non-pluggable component. The S-parameter measurement of pluggable devices can be directly calibrated by SOLT dual ports. For non-pluggable devices, if full dual-port calibration is needed, it is bound to connect the adapter at a certain port for physical matching. Due to the introduction of the adapter, it is bound to increase the error on the path and reduce the measurement accuracy. Especially for some small differential loss devices, because of their short physical length and high fabrication process, the self-loss itself is very small. For example, because the calibration requirements add an additional adapter on the path, it is bound to be difficult to characterize the real S parameters of DUT in the network, so we need to use a calibration method called connector removal Adapter Removal.

The following is still taking the Shockline series MS46322B of Anli Anritsu economical network analyzer as an example.

As an example, the two ends of the parts to be tested are different, so it is necessary to first connect DUT interface A to port 1 of the network and calibrate the DUT interface B with a calibrator, remove DUT interface A, and store the chx file of Adapter on Port1 on the instrument at this time. Then connect the DUT interface B to the port 2 of the network branch, calibrate the DUT interface A with the calibrator, remove the DUT interface B, and save the Adapter on Port2 chx file on the instrument.

Specific steps for archive storage are: [File]-> [Save Setup]

Select the file type as [* .chx]

The above is to perform a complete 12-item error calibration. Then the two files stored in the software screen of the instrument are called up and deducted.

(note: the software screen will require input of the electrical length of the DUT to be tested before deduction. )

The geometric length L of the transmission line working under microwave is longer than the working wavelength λ, or the two can be compared. We call L / λ the electrical length of the transmission line, and we usually think that the transmission line with L / λ > 0.1 is a long line.

The specific steps are: [Calibration]-- > [Cal Options]-- > [Perform Manual Adapter Removal]

It should be noted that if the connector removal method is used for calibration, the net score of Anli needs to be changed to 0 in the calibration parameter setting page.

After deduction, the calibration end faces of the instrument are interface An and interface B.

The joint removal method can also be used to calibrate the waveguide-coaxial converter. Due to the different types of the extended end face of the instrument and the different forms of joints at both ends of the DUT to be tested, the joint removal calibration will require two or three sets of calibrators.

There are many methods of calibration, including when the object to be tested is a microstrip line or FPC soft board, microstrip calibration or coaxial probe calibration will be used, and the calibrator will become a calibrator. In short, there are many calibration methods according to the different products.

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