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The main Features of 1.UML Modeling language

The main features of the standard modeling language UML can be summarized as follows:

(1) UML unifies the basic concepts of Booch, OMT and OOSE.

(2) UML also draws on the strengths of other schools in the field of object-oriented technology, including the influence of non-OO methods. The UML symbol representation takes into account the graphical representation of various methods, deletes a large number of symbols that are easily confusing, redundant, and rarely used, and adds some new symbols. Therefore, the ideas of many people in the object-oriented field are imported into UML. These ideas are not invented by UML developers, but are abstracted by developers based on the OO method and rich practical experience in computer science.

(3) UML also put forward some new concepts in the process of evolution. New concepts such as template (Stereotypes), responsibility (Responsibilities), extension mechanism (Extensibilitymechanisms), thread (Threads), process (Processes), Distribution (Distribution), concurrency (Concurrency), pattern (Patterns), cooperation (Collaborations), activity diagram (Activitydiagram) are added to the UML standard, and the concepts of Type, Class and Instance, Refinement, Interfaces and Components are clearly classified.

The Application Field of 2.UML Modeling language

The goal of UML is to describe any type of system in the way of object-oriented graph, which has a wide range of applications. Among them, the most commonly used is to establish the model of software system, but it can also be used to describe systems in non-software fields, such as mechanical systems, enterprise organizations or business processes, as well as information systems dealing with complex data, industrial systems or industrial processes with real-time requirements. In a word, UML modeling language is a general standard modeling language, which can model any system with static structure and dynamic behavior. In addition, UML is applicable to different stages of the system development process, from the description of the requirements specifications to the testing after the system is completed. During the requirements analysis phase, use cases can be used to capture user requirements. Through use case modeling, describe the external roles interested in the system and their functional requirements for the system (use cases). The analysis phase is mainly concerned with the main concepts (such as abstractions, classes and objects, etc.) and mechanisms in the problem domain. We need to identify these classes and their relationship with each other, and use UML class diagram to describe them.

To implement the use case, classes need to collaborate, which can be described by the UML dynamic model. In the analysis phase, only the objects of the problem domain (real-world concepts) are modeled, without considering the classes that define the technical details of the software system (such as classes that deal with user interface, database, communication, parallelism, etc.). These technical details will be introduced during the design phase, so the design phase provides more detailed specifications for the construction phase. Programming (construction) is an independent phase whose task is to convert classes from the design phase into actual code in an object-oriented programming language. When building analysis and design models with UML, you should try to avoid considering transforming the model into a specific programming language. Because in the early stage, the model is only a tool to understand and analyze the system structure, thinking about the coding problem too early is not conducive to the establishment of a simple and correct model.

The UML model can also be used as a basis for the testing phase. The system usually needs to go through unit test, integration test, system test and acceptance test. Different test teams use different UML diagrams as the basis for testing: unit testing uses class diagrams and class specifications; integration testing uses component diagrams and collaboration diagrams; system testing uses use case diagrams to verify the behavior of the system, and acceptance tests are carried out by users to verify whether the results of system tests meet the requirements determined in the analysis phase.

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