Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

The use of the computer is bound to come into contact with the operating system, the modern operating system has been very mature, ordinary users can easily use the computer. However, for users who want to use computers for professional development and applications, they need to have a more in-depth understanding of the principle and operating mechanism of the operating system, so that they can use computers for their professional services more effectively.

The computer operating system consists of hardware and software. Hardware is the components that make up a computer, including central processing units, memory, and input / output devices. Software includes system software and application software. The operating system is the most basic software in the computer system, which directly manages and controls the computer resources, dispatches the resources reasonably, makes full use of them, and provides a convenient operating system environment and good user interface for users to use these resources.

Linux is an excellent operating system, which supports multi-users and multi-processes, has powerful functions, excellent performance, good compatibility and portability, and has a broad application prospect.

The excellent quality of Linux comes from the Unix system. The difference is that it is an open source operating system and can be run in an environment with simple and low hardware cost. Therefore, Linux is increasingly replacing Unix as an analysis example of the operating system, which brings a new way to the learning of the operating system. Combining Linux to learn the operating system, we can not only understand the implementation technology of the operating system through its source code. Make the abstract theory and concept concrete, but also master the application technology of a practical operating system at the same time.

Linux is a POSIX standard, multi-user, multi-task free operating system. Compared with other operating systems, it has the following remarkable features:

(1) based on Unix design, excellent performance. Linux inherits the excellent quality of Unix, has excellent performance, reliability and stability, and provides a guarantee for the safe operation of the system. Linux system is capable of working 24 hours a day, unless there is something wrong with the hardware, the probability of the system crashing is very small.

(2) follow the GPL license and free software. Linux follows GNU's GPL license and is the most important member of the free software family. Users can get a trial Linux free of charge, and modify and distribute it freely within the scope of GPL license, so it is an ideal platform for learning, applying and developing operating system and other software.

(3) it accords with POSIX standard and has good compatibility. POSIX is an international standard for operating system application interface based on Unix, which aims to obtain the software compatibility of different operating systems at the source code level. Linux is an operating system that conforms to POSIX standards. That is to say, applications written based on POSIX standards can be easily ported to Linux operating systems, and vice versa.

(4) good portability. Portability refers to the ability to transfer the operating system from one computer hardware platform to another. Less than 10% of the code in the Linux kernel is written in assembly language, and the rest is written in C, so it is highly portable.

(5) the function of network is powerful. Linux is developed on the Internet, and it has inherent network functions. Its network protocol is built into the kernel, has strong performance and good compatibility, and can be easily integrated with all kinds of networks.

(6) good safety. Linux system is designed for multi-user and network environment, and security is fully taken into account at the beginning of the design. Many measures are taken to ensure the security of system resources in the Linux kernel, such as file permission control, audit tracking, core authorization and so on, so that Linux can run safely in an open network environment.

Despite these excellent features, the Linux system still has some problems. At present, the main problems are: the entry requirements are relatively high, the Chinese support is not good enough; there are too many distribution versions, which are relatively chaotic; the application software made by individuals is intermingled, and users need to carefully identify and use it; in our country, the confirmation of free software copyright and relevant laws are not mature, so we should pay special attention to the details of copyright when used for commercial purposes.

The basic system of Linux consists of three main parts:

 kernel: the core program for running programs and managing basic hardware devices

 Shell: the command line user interface of the system that receives, interprets, and executes Linux commands entered by the user.

 file system: a collection of files stored on disk in a certain way.

Linux Command Collection: https://www.linuxcool.com/

There are hundreds of well-known distributions of Linux, each of which is based on the Linux kernel, and the configured programs are more or less the same, including graphical interface, network service programs, standard system libraries, applications, and so on. The real difference between versions lies in their installation, configuration, additional applications, management tools, and technical support. At present, the popular ones are: Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu, SUSE, Gentoo, Slackware,Linux system download: https://www.linuxprobe.com/

Linux can be said to be the most widely transplanted operating system kernel. The successful application of Linux kernel can be seen from PDA iPAQ to IBM mainframe.

Linux is still in rapid development, the good news is that it is also popularizing to individual users, Linux desktop system is constantly improving, user interface is more friendly, application software and software development tools are also further enriched, all these will improve the ease of use of Linux system, so that it can be gradually accepted by ordinary users.

Having said so much, you should have a general understanding of the Linux operating system. If you are interested in further learning, I think you will see a different Linux. Maybe some people don't know where to start. I'd like to recommend a book here. I saw a book called "Linux should learn this way" when I went to the bookstore a few days ago. I probably turned it over. The quality is quite good, so I don't say much, otherwise it will be thought to be advertising again.

Finally, I wish you all a successful study!

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