Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

This chapter focuses on the evolution of the operating system and its linux branches

Birth of UNIX:

AT&T's Bell Labs, GE, and MIT collaborated to develop a multiuser, multitasking computing environment that facilitates the sharing of hardware and software resources, known as Multics, after five years of failed efforts.

Thompson and Ritchie wrote a game called Space Travelling and found an abandoned PDP-7. To play the game, he developed a simple file system (later developed into s5fs), a process subsystem, a simple Shell command compiler, and utilities called UNIX.

In 1971, Ritchie and Thompson ported this system to PDP-11, adding word processing tools including ed editor and runoff tool. Thompson and Ritchie published the first edition of Unix Programmer's Manual in November of the same year.

Ritchie upgraded the B language, adding many complex processing functions of high-level languages, and having the ability to directly manipulate binary and characters in machine language.

In February 1973, cc was added to UNIX, and in the same year Ritchie rewritten Unix in C to make it extremely portable.

Because of antitrust, AT&T provides UNIX software and source code to universities and research institutions for free. This leads to UNIX.

AT&T later released System 3(the first commercial version).

In December 1974, the University of California, Berkeley, received a UNIX license, and Ken taught there. The Computer Science Research Group (CSRG), which included Bill Joy and Chunk Haley working on UNIX, developed many utilities, including the ex editor (vi), Pascal compiler, late additions to the TCP/IP network protocol family, paginated virtual memory, the Open File System (FFS), reliable signaling mechanisms, and socket network programming interfaces.

The first commercial version of UNIX, BSD UNIX BSD=Berkeley System Distribution, was released.

BSD evolved into Free BSD (PC) Open BSD (Security) Net BSD (Service)

Berkeley Software Design Company (BSDI) was established to continue the development and improvement of BSD-related operating systems.

Desktop development

PC was born and began to develop in 1981, but the machine and operating system (CP/M) were very expensive. At that time, the CPU was mainly Intel 80386 and 80486.

The birth and development of Microsoft

Microsoft founded: founded as a Basic compiler, Xenix (unix) sales.

Bill Gates sold an operating system developed by a programmer in four months and bought it for IBM to sell as a cheap license bundle on IBM machines, known as DOS.

Later, Windows operating system based on graphical operation interface was released, representing 95, 98, etc.

Windows NT system and server system based on vms (unix)

3. Birth and development of apples

jobs PC based on the BSD operating system and power PC kernel.

Acquired GUI and mouse developed by Park Labs from Xerox and integrated into Apple operating system.

Silicon Valley Legend

The emergence and development of Linux

Professor Andrew of Holland wrote Minix system himself and let his students use it for teaching.

Linus, installed Minix on his 80386, but felt the migration was troublesome, so he rewritten the system through Linux and posted it on the Internet for everyone to download and improve for free.

In the 1980s Stallman advocated freedom movement, believing that programs were all human. GNU was created under the GPL.

GNU:Gnu Is Not Unix

GPL: General Public License, which requires that all source code covered by the GPL be free and public

GNU produces gcc,emacs, etc.

GNU/Linux developed rapidly, 0.1 in 1991, 1.0 in 1994, and now 3.7.9 Official website: www.kernel.org Official website provides source code

To run Linux, you have to use GNU software. Linux should be called GNU/Linux.

Their kernel is all Source code.

Compiling Linux in Linux source code format into a common format on common computer platforms allows others to install Linux systems for use on most platforms. called Linux Distributors.

Redhat was founded in 1993, integrated rpm software management package, released personal version 1.0-9.0 (terminated in 2003, donated to Fedora), enterprise version 3.0--6.3,

Fedora and Mandriva based on redhat (graphical interface)

CentOS: Community Enterprise OS, Community Red Hat System, fully compatible with Red Hat. Compile patches released by Red Hat into patches that users can use.

www.redhat.com

1991 SLS

1992 Debian (the only commercially unaffected version of Linux), developing dpt package manager

European high-end users use more, entry difficult, but easy to use

Ubuntu and Mint are derived from Debian.

SUSE was founded by three German university students with a gorgeous interface and powerful functions. Acquired by Novell

Derived from Open SUSE

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.