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This article mainly shows you "how to monitor battery usage and improve notebook battery life on Linux". It is easy to understand and clear. I hope it can help you solve your doubts. Let me lead you to study and learn this article "how to monitor battery usage and improve notebook battery life on Linux".

You can use the PowerTOP tool to see where the power is used when the power cord is not plugged in. You need to use superuser privileges in the terminal to run the PowerTOP tool. It can access the battery hardware and measure battery usage.

What is PowerTOP?

PowerTOP is a Linux tool for diagnosing power consumption and power management problems.

It is developed by Intel and enables various power-saving modes in the kernel, user space, and hardware.

In addition to being a diagnostic tool, PowweTop also has an interactive mode that allows you to experiment with various power management settings that are not enabled in the Linux distribution.

It can also monitor processes and show which of them is using CPU, wake it up from the hibernation page, and identify applications with particularly high power consumption.

How to install PowerTOP

The PowerTOP package is available in the software libraries of most distributions and can be installed using the package manager of the distribution.

For Fedora systems, use the DNF command to install PowerTOP.

$sudo dnf install powertop

For Debian/Ubuntu systems, use the APT-GET command or the APT command to install PowerTOP.

$sudo apt install powertop

For Arch Linux-based systems, use the Pacman command to install PowerTOP.

$sudo pacman-S powertop

For RHEL/CentOS systems, use the YUM command to install PowerTOP.

$sudo yum install powertop

For openSUSE Leap systems, use the Zypper command to install PowerTOP.

$sudo zypper install powertop how to use PowerTOP

PowerTOP requires superuser privileges, so run the PowerTOP tool as root on the Linux system.

By default, it displays the Overview page, where we can see the power consumption of all devices and the number of seconds the system wakes up.

$sudo powertop PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables The battery reports a discharge rate of 12.6 WThe power consumed was 259 JThe estimated remaining time is 1 hours, 52 minutes Summary: 1692.9 wakeups/second, 1692.9 GPU ops/seconds 0.0 VFS ops/sec and 54.9% CPU use Usage Events/s Category Description 9.3 ms/s 529.4 Timer tick_sched_timer 378.5 ms/s 139.8 Process [PID 2991] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 7-isForBrowser-prefsLen 8314-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 7.5 ms/s 141.7 Timer hrtimer_wakeup 3.3 ms/s 102.7 Process [PID 1527] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-- new-window 11.6 ms/s 69.1 Process [PID 1568] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 1-isForBrowser-prefsLen 1-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 0001 6.2 ms/s 59.0 Process [PID 1496] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-- new-window 2.1 ms/s 59.6 Process [PID 2466] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 3-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 1.8 ms/s 52.3 Process [PID 2052] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 4-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 1.8 ms/s 50.8 Process [PID 3034] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 7-isForBrowser-prefsLen 8314-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 003.6 ms/s 48.4 Process [PID 3009] / usr/lib / firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 7-isForBrowser-prefsLen 8314-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 7.5 ms/s 46.2 Process [PID 2996] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 7-isForBrowser-prefsLen 8314-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 25.2 ms/s 33.6Process [PID 1528] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-- new-window 5.7 ms/s 32.2 Interrupt [7] sched (softirq) 2.1 ms/s 32.2 Process [PID 1811] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 4-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 19.7 ms/s 25.0 Process [PID 1794] / usr/lib/firefox/ Firefox-contentproc-childID 4-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 1.9 ms/s 31.5 Process [PID 1596] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 1-isForBrowser-prefsLen 1-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 0001 3.1 ms/s 29.9 Process [PID 1535] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-- new-window 7.1 ms/s 28.2 Process [PID 1488] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-- new-window 1.8 ms/s 29.5 Process [PID 1762] / usr/ Lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 3-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 8.8 ms/s 23.3 Process [PID 1121] / usr/bin/gnome-shell 1.2 ms/s 21.8 Process [PID 1657] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 2-isForBrowser-prefsLen 920-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 1657 13 .3 ms/s 13.9 Process [PID 1746] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 3-isForBrowser-prefsLen 5814-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 00 2.7 ms/s 11.1 Process [PID 3410] / usr/lib/gnome-terminal-server 3.8 ms/s 10.8 Process [PID 1057] / usr/ Lib/Xorg vt2-displayfd 3-auth / run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority-nolisten tcp-background none-noreset-keeptty 3.1 ms/s 9.8 Process [PID 1629] / usr/lib/firefox/firefox-contentproc-childID 2-isForBrowser-prefsLen 920-prefMapSize 173895-schedulerPrefs 0000.9 ms/s 6.7Interrupt [136] xhci_hcd 278.0 us/s 6.4 Process [PID 414] [irq/141-iwlwifi] 128.7 us/s 5.7 Process [PID 1] / sbin/init 118.5 us/s 5.2 Process [PID 10] [rcu_preempt] 49.0 us/s 4.7 Interrupt [0] HI_SOFTIRQ 459.3 us/s 3.1 Interrupt [142] i915 2.1 ms/s 2.3 Process [PID 3451] powertop 8.4 us/s 2.7 kWork intel_atomic_helper_free_state_ 1.2 ms/ S 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_commit_work 374.2 us/s 2.1 Interrupt [9] acpi 42.1 us/s 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_cleanup_work 3.5 ms/s 0.25 kWork delayed_fput 238.0 us / s 1.5 Process [PID 907] / usr/lib/upowerd 17.7 us/s 1.5 Timer intel_uncore_fw_release_timer 26.4 us/s 1.4 Process [PID 576] [i915/signal:0] 19.8 us/s 1.3 Timer watchdog_timer_fn 1.1 ms/s 0.00 Process [PID 206] [kworker/7:2] 2.4 ms/s 0.00 Interrupt [1] timer (softirq) 13.4 us/s 0.9 Process [PID 9] [ksoftirqd/0] Exit | / Navigate |

The output of PowerTOP is similar to the screenshot above, but it will be slightly different on your machine depending on the hardware. Its display has many pages, and you can use Tab and Shift+Tab to switch between them.

Idle status page

It displays all kinds of information about the processor.

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4 | | C0 active 6.7% 7.2% | | | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms | | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.6% 0.3 msC2 (pc2) 7.5% | C3 (pc3) 25.2% | C3 (cc3) 0.7% | | | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.6% 0.1 msC6 (pc6) 0.0% | C6 (cc6) 7.1% | C6 6.6 0.5 ms 6.3% 0.5 msC7 (pc7) 0.0% | C7 (cc7) 59.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% | 0.0 msC8 (pc8) 0.0% | | C8 33.9% 1.6 ms 32.3% 1.5 msC9 (pc9) 0.0% | C9 2.1% 3.4 ms 0.7% 2.8 msC10 (pc10) 0.0% | | | C10 39.5% 4.7 ms 41.4% 4.7 ms | Core | CPU 1 CPU 5 | | C0 active 8.3% 7.2% | | POLL | 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms | | C1E 1.3% 0.2 ms 1.4% 0.3 ms | C3 (cc3) 0.5% | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 6.0% | C6 5.3% 0.5 ms 4.7% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 59.3% | C7s 0.0% 0.8 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms | | C8 27.2% 1.5 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.6% 3.0 ms 0.5% 3.0 ms | | C10 44.5% 4.7 ms 52. 2. 4.6 ms | Core | CPU 2 CPU 6 | | C0 active 11.2% 8.4% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 Ms | | C1E 1.4% 0.4 ms 1.3% 0.3 ms | C3 (cc3) 0.3% | C3 0.2% 0.1 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | | C6 (cc6) 4.0% | C6 3.7% 0.5 ms 4.3% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 54.2% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms | | C8 20.0 | % 1.5 ms 20.7% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.0% 3.4 ms 0.4% 3.8 ms | | C10 48.8% 4.6 ms 52.3% 5.0 ms | Core | CPU 3 CPU 7 | | C0 active 8.8% 8.1% | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.2% 0.2 ms | C3 (cc3) 0.6% | C3 0.6% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 7.0% | C6 7.5% 0.5 ms 4.4% 0.5 ms | C7 (cc7) 56.8% C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.9 ms | | C8 29.4% 1.4 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms | | C9 1.1% 2.7 ms 0.7% 3.9 ms | | C10 41.0% 4.0 ms 50.0% 4.8 ms Exit | / Navigate | Frequency status page |

It will show the dominant frequency of the CPU.

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4 | | Average 930 MHz 1101 MHzIdle | Idle | Idle | | Core | CPU 1 CPU 5 | | Average 1063 MHz 979 MHz | Idle | Idle | Core | CPU 2 CPU 6 | | | Average 976 MHz 942 MHz | Idle | Idle | Core | CPU 3 CPU 7 | | Average 924 MHz 957 MHz | Idle | Idle device status page |

It only displays its power usage information for the device.

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables The battery reports a discharge rate of 13.8 WThe power consumed was 280 J Usage Device name 46.7% CPU misc 46.7% DRAM 46.7% CPU core 19. 0 Display backlight 0.0% Audio codec hwC0D0: Realtek 0.0% USB device: Lenovo EasyCamera (160709000341) 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 100.0% Radio device: iwlwifi 100.0% PCI Device: O2 Micro Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers 100.0% USB device: Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] 100.0% Radio device: btusb 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 4 100.0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Realtek Semiconductor Co. Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 3 100.0% PCI Device: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 2 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100Series / C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 9 100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus 26.1pkts/s Network interface: wlp8s0 (iwlwifi) 0.0% USB device: usb-device-8087-0a2b 0.0% runtime-reg-dummy 0.0% Audio codec hwC0D2: Intel 0.0 pkts/s Network interface: enp9s0 (r8168) 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller 0.02% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) 0 .0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller # 1 0.0% PCI Device: NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M] 0.0% I2C Adapter (i2c-8): nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005 0.0% runtime-PNP0C14:00 0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller 0. 0% runtime-PNP0C0C:00 0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller 0. 0% runtime-ACPI000C:00 0. 0% runtime-regulatory.0 0. 0% runtime-PNP0C14:01 0. Runtime-vesa-framebuffer.0 0.0% runtime-coretemp.0 0.0% runtime-alarmtimer Exit | / Navigate | adjustable status page

This page is an important area that can provide advice on battery optimization for your laptop.

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables > > Bad Enable SATA link power management for host2 Bad Enable SATA link power management for host3 Bad Enable SATA link power management for host0 Bad Enable SATA link power Management for host1 Bad VM writeback timeout Bad Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 [1-2] Good Bluetooth device interface status Good Enable Audio codec power management Good NMI watchdog should be turned off Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-7 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0002) Good Autosuspend for unknown USB device 1-11 (8087:0a2b) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-3 (i915 gmbus dpd) Good Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo EasyCamera [160709000341] Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-1 (i915 gmbus dpc) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-12 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0009) Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb1] Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-13 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-) 000a) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-2 (i915 gmbus dpb) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-8 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-15 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000c) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-16 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000d) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2C -5 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0000) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-0 (SMBus I801 adapter at 6040) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-11 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0008) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-14 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000b) Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb2] Good Runtime PM For I2C Adapter i2c-9 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0006) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-10 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0007) Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-6 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0001) Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 9 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Realtek Semiconductor Co. Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 3 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device O2 Micro Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller # 1 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 2 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port # 4 Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus Good Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960m] Exit | Toggle tunable | how Window refresh generates HTML reports for PowerTop

Run the following command to generate a HTML report for PowerTop.

$sudo powertop-- html=powertop.htmlmodprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 100 prior measurementsCannot load from file / var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement (s) with battery onlyRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs: Domain Mask fRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs: Domain Mask fDevfreq not enabledglob returned GLOB_ABORTEDCannot load from file / var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement (s) with battery onlyPreparing to take measurementsTo show power estimates do 182 measurement (s) connected to battery onlyTaking 1 Measurement (s) for a duration of 20 second (s) each.PowerTOP outputing using base filename powertop.html

Open the file:///home/daygeek/powertop.html file to access the generated HTML report for PowerTOP.

Automatic adjustment mode

This feature sets all adjustable options from BAD to GOOD, which increases notebook battery life in Linux.

$sudo powertop-- auto-tunemodprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 210 prior measurementsCannot load from file / var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement (s) with battery onlyRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs: Domain Mask fRAPL device for cpu 0RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs: Domain Mask fDevfreq not enabledglob returned GLOB_ABORTEDCannot load from file / var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertopFile will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement (s) with battery onlyTo show power estimates do 72 measurement (s) connected to battery onlyLeaving PowerTOP and above is All the contents of the article "how to monitor battery usage and improve notebook battery life on Linux" Thank you for reading! I believe we all have a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help you, if you want to learn more knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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